Abstract:Hydropower, reservoir and mineral industries have been increasing concerned for the difficulty of soil and water conservation and now become a focus of conservation. Soil and water conservation status in the development process of hydropower, reservoir and mineral industries was investigated extensively, in some provinces of well-done conservation as Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Shanxi，special investigation was carried out on some enterprises in which some typical enterprises were profoundly looked into under the support of these projects. After clearly contrasting the existed problems and lessons, we think that it is practicable and necessary to extract some funds from the benefit of hydropower, reservoir and mineral development as a part of the conservation financial resource. We propose that extracting certain proportional funds from benefits of these industries should be legislated and put the fund listed before taxing.

Abstract:Database is the information resource basis of the information construction of soil and water conservation. We puts forward a primary design scheme of national distributed soil and water conservation database, as well as information connection that integrated with the characteristics of management work. Physically，the national soil and water conservation database is distributed. Each soil and water conservation monitoring department constructs a native database and takes charge of the management，maintenance and renew of the data. Logically，all databases connects with others through network and communicates with others based on the middle ware of data share and exchange, which enables a large range and multilayer information share，and promotes the information construction of'national soil and water conservation.

Abstract:The rocky desertification monitoring is an important content of the rocky desertification control project，and an important method to analyie and evaluate the project implementation effects scientifically,and to assess the completion situation of every sites. The monitoring layout planning is very important for the rocky desertification monitoring. This paper mainly focus on how to set up the rocky desertification monitoring network system and plot out the monitoring sub region，and arrange monitoring sites reasonably using the integrated monitoring resources of hydrology, forestry, territory, agriculture, environmental pro- tection departments. Monitoring can promptly grasp the rocky desertification dynamic situation and the control effects, which may help to explore good patterns of the rocky desertification control.

Abstract:As an important method for soil erosion monitoring, runoff plot plays a significant role in soil erosion and prediction model. How to measure the sediment concentration quickly and accurately in collecting tanks directly determines the scientific research in the law of soil erosion and the reliability of the soil erosion. Sampling after mixing is currently the most widely used in sediment concentration measurement. However，in some rocky and earthy regions such as Beijing mountain region, the traditional measurement method，which is widely used，can not get the precise value of sediment concentration. We use the depth profile sediment sampler, which is designed by Beijing normal university，to monitor the sediment concentration in the collecting tanks of the runoff plots. This research briefly discusses the using and rapid processing methods of laboratory samples.

Abstract:This article analyzed the existing questions in the management and observation of the slope runoff plots of the 8 monitoring sites that were built in the first phase of monitoring network and information system project of soil and water conservation in Guizhou Province. Some existing lacks of slope runoff plots in the layout，design and construction were summarized. Finally we put forward some suggestions: In the future construction of slope runoff plots, reduction of the observation labor intensity and running attention load should be considered，and the monitoring sites should be chosen together as soon as possible, the observation roads and the catchment facilities should be optimized for monitoring convenience, also the supervision and the management of the construction should be intensified and the construction quality need to be improved. Shortly, the monitoring stations should be constructed up to top standards for the long-term sustainable op- eration and maintenance.

Abstract:As the nerve endings of the monitoring and network information system construction of the soil and water conservation, soil and water conservation monitoring station takes on the task of observation，experimentation，data collection and transmission. Whether the layout of monitoring station is scientific and ration- al will directly affect the operating effect of the whole soil and water conservation monitoring network. First1y，the rationality of the layout of soil and water conservation monitoring station of Sichuan Province is demonstrated from many aspects such as the distribution of soil erosion, the distribution of drainage basin, the "Three-Area" demarcation of soil and water loss as well as the integration with the scientific and research institutions. In addition，the construction emphasis is respectively set forth aiming at different types of monitoring stations. At last，some reasonable suggestion is put forward according to the practical conditions of monitoring station of soil and water conservation in Sichuan Province.

Abstract:Soil erosion is a mufti-scale spatio-temporal process which has different control process and domination factors at different scale. Therefore, overall arrangement of soil erosion monitoring sites should take the spatial scale effect into consideration. We put forward a scheme for soil erosion monitoring points arrangement based on stratified sampling method with 3-levels control. The first control level took soil erosion type sub-region as control factor at regional scale; the second level took rainfall，gully density, vegetation type,soil type and land-use structure as control factors at smallwatershed scale, and filtrates typical small water- shed;the third level took slope gradient，vegetation fraction, soil type and land-use type as control factors at plot scale, and filtrates typical plot unit. Through this stratified selection of the monitoring location, the placement of control stations is arranged in the outlet of the typical small watershed and runoff plots in typical plot unit. The soil erosion monitoring point arrangement under the spatial scale effect based on stratified sampling method took GIS (geographical information system) as main technology and RS(remote sensing)as main data sources, integrated the current situation of soil and water conservation work, which can improve the rationality and efficiency of soil erosion monitoring points arrangement.

Abstract:Based on the traditional regional studies of soil erosion, the paper explored using GIS technology to analysis the existing maps and satellite imagery, to extracte the basic information of main factors affectting on soil erosion, and established a database of graphics and space property. The 1，5 000 GRID was used to extract data of soil erosion model and subdivide the monitoring area of soil and water conservation with the powerful ArcGIS spatial analysis function. The paper put forward the general layout scheme of Chongqing soil and water conservation monitoring sites base on different monitoring subdivision characteristics, which may provide some theoretical basis for the construction of monitoring networks in the future.

Abstract:On the foundation of the basic knowledge such as landform, soil，vegetation，climate, loss of soil and water and actual situation of Shandong Province, some planning principle of the distribution of soil and water conservation monitoring sites were put forward, and layout of soil and water monitoring station was analyzed and described，some problems about operational mechanism and management of soil and water mo- nitoring sites were raised. The administration of monitoring sites should be standardized in the following six cases:further deepen cognition，tighten control，clear assigned task, intensive training, local funds assurante and raise funds positively. The article laid a sound foundation for the long-term，normal and efficient development of soil and water monitoring work. It has important theory and practice significances to improve monitoring works normally and orderly in Shandong Province.

Abstract:Soil erosion lead to soil degradation, land productivity decline, even threat the ecological environment of human production and living. Therefore, the research of soil erosion law is always the key technology in the natural sciences field for many years. At the beginning of the 50's, the Yellow River Commission has began to set up station network of small basin soil erosion with different erosion types and observation factors in the loess knoll gully area first sub region, so far more than 60 years original observational data have been collected. The observation always been manual labor, the data are of rainfall-runoff-silt characteristic point source, but each rainfall erosion is a continuous natural process, manual monitoring is lack of continuous and systematic in the position and the monitor data, causing the effects of soil erosion confined to a single factor or some factors and seriously affects the development of soil erosion systematic model in this area. So we introduced modern automated soil erosion monitoring systems in this area for promoting the soil erosion rule research, seeking the objective and real natural soil erosion data rule and speeding up soil erosion model in this area. Up to now, this monitoring process and the date analysis has been lasted for 2 year, not only saved a large number of human and material resources but also gained objective, good accurate, continu- ous and dynamic data of the soil and water erosion process which has a positive role to promote the research of soil and water erosion law in this area.

Abstract:Coverage is a very important parameter for describing the vegetation characteristics of land surface.Determining vegetation coverage quickly and exactly is important to research the relationship between vegetation coverage and soil erosion, benefit of soil and water conservation from vegetation coverage，and prediction of soil erosion. The portable photographic instruments for vegetation coverage，which had been developed through several years' practice, was adaptive to determine vegetation coverage by vertical photograph on the flat and sloping field，and could regulate the height from camera to land，enhance the stability of cam- era. Meanwhile, the matching software of portable photographic instruments PCOVER was developed， which could identify the vegetation from photograph automatically and calculate the vegetation coverage accurately. And it had been proved exactly in practice.

Abstract:The article analyzed the seasonal and annual distribution of rainfall erosivity using the data of rainfall collected in Small Cucumber Park Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station of Yuanmou County since the 1990s， and established a preliminary prediction model based on the daily rainfall erosion. The re- sults indicated that:the rainfall erosivity in the monitoring station mainly distributed in June to September.the peak appears in July, commonly annual rainfall erosion concentrated in several rainfalls，the rainfall erosivity between different years varied wildly, the great difference between the values is about 2. 6 times. We constructed a prediction model of the daily rainfall erosivity and testified that it is significant after regression analysis checking，which may be useful as a reference to the study of soil and water conservation in this region in the future.

Abstract:Soil and water conservation monitoring include measurement analysis and assessment of the happening and development and environmental influence of soil erosion and its control effects assessment and its effect. Monitoring, an important part of the soil and water conservation technology system, were the basis of soil and water conservation work. In recent years，Tieling City has made a lot of great efforts and progress in soil erosion， however, with the high-speed development of economy, development and construction projects disturbed the land widely in contrast with the sporadic control，causing some new soil erosion and a trend of diversification and complication. The situation of soil erosion is still not optimistic which has become a constraint factor of socio-economic development. This article focuses on soil and water conservation planning and layout in Tieling area，discussed a number of issues in soil and water conservation monitoring planning and construction process, discussed a number of issues in soil and water conservation monitoring planning and construction process, and put forward relevant proposals for development.

Abstract:Longmenkou soil and water conservation monitoring site located on the Yangpai River watershed in Yaoan County, which are typical ecological restoration region. Using the observation data in recent 5 years,we analyzed the soil erosion factor of run-off plots located in disturbed grassland，forest of soil and water conservation, natural recovery land and terraced land which is built from slop land to further study the change law of soil erosion factor in different vegetation management measures. This paper provided a theoretical reference to the control of soil erosion in small watershed future planning about measurements of soil and water conservation.

Abstract:Soil and water conservation monitoring site is an important composition of National Monitoring Network. It is the foundation, also an important construction contents in the second construction phase of national monitoring network and information system, which directly related with the quickness and accurate of information collection. For soil and water conservation monitoring sites, it is the basement to have a scientific site selection，reasonable planning and standardized construction for carrying out this work. Also it is a precondition to the invention of facilities and equipments，the improvement of monitoring management，data processing play an effective role in monitoring for the whole site. In this paper, we briefly discussed the effects and regulations for the construction of soil and water conservation monitoring sites.

Abstract:This article elaborates the importance and necessity of soil and water conservation monitoring in following aspects:the soil and water conservation monitoring is the important content of soil and water conservation task，is the significant responsibility that the laws and regulations of the soil and water conservation conferred, and is the basis of making macroscopic police decision in the prevention, supervision and governance of soil and water conservation. This article also analyses the current situation and existing problems of soil and water conservation monitoring, and puts forward some tentative ideas as follows: Firstly, to strengthen the leadership to set up target-related responsibility system in soil and water conservation monitoring. Secondly, to give great publicity to the importance of the soil and water conservation monitoring.Thirdly, to establish the unified supervision and management system of soil and water conservation monitoring to make a definite organization position and development orientation. Fourthly, to put the specific funds into effect to ensure the work of the soil and water conservation monitoring been smoothly carried out. Fifthly, further enhance the construction of the soil and water conservation monitoring capability. Sixthly, reinforce the supervision and management of the data of soil and water conservation monitoring.

Abstract:How to analyze quantitatively the results obtained by comprehensive control benefit of soil erosion for well instructs of the soil and water conservation work is a topic worthy of along term study in Southern China. In 1995，comprehensive control in Daishui river valley was started to implement at Enshi experiment and monitoring station of soil and water conservation in Hubei Province. In 1996，a hydrology silt observation station was established and data of hydrology and silt was collected. Effects of comprehensive control were assessed quantitatively using statistical analysis of monitoring data for the 10 years.

Abstract:The third subdistrict in loess hilly and gully erosion is one of the regional area that soil erosion monitoring had been carried out earlier in our country. The monitoring of slope runoff plots had been began in 1943，some typical small watersheds were selected in 1954 and since then, soil and water erosion had been monitored. After decades of development, some applicable experience in the monitoring of soil erosion had been accumulated. After about 20 years' construction, the facilities and equipment had been improved, and the monitoring contents had been testified practicable. After reviewing the typical and representative charac- teristics of Luoyugou catchment of the subdistrict No.Ⅲ，the principle, method and ideas in the construction of soil erosion monitoring system were summarized concisely, and the framework of the monitoring system was described in detail，we hope that this article could provide some reference for the network construction of soil erosion monitoring.

Abstract:Eco-clean small watersheds construction is an important measure of water protection and eco-environment construction in Beijing City，and water ecologic environment monitoring is one of the major means for assessment of eco-clean watersheds. In this paper, we took the eco-clean experimental sites- Sheyuchuan small watersheds were took as a case study, we roughly put forward monitoring indices of water eco-environment for Sheyuchuan small watershed, and further discusses monitoring frequency, method，and the layout principle of sites.

Abstract:This paper briefly reviews the issues of soil and water conservation monitoring of Chongqing Municipality in recent years, such as the construction of monitoring agencies and sites，regional development and construction projects，the construction of the monitoring capacity and so on. Some existed common problems that related with the location of soil and water conservation monitoring agency，distribution network，regional development, monitoring of construction projects and monitoring capacity-building were summarized，the way of improvement of monitoring works of Chongqing Municipality in the future were discussed.

Abstract:Soil erosion intensity relates closely with many vegetation and the soil factors, including the length of the slope and slope gradient，etc. . For the reason that traditional method in classifying the soil erosion of different patches in a watershed is inefficiency and inaccurate. We introduces how to use the functions of thenGIS spatial analysis and characteristic data of patches，to get the soil erosion classification map of watershed refered to the soil erosion intensity classification criterion. This method can quantifies the process of soil erosion intensity classifying, and being more scientific, modernized and rationalized.

Abstract:Taking the energy and heavy chemical industry area along the boundary of the Loess Plateau and the Maowusu Sandland as study area and the ETM data as main data source, we identified the land use types by GPS, measured the vegetation cover using quadrat method，and analyzed remote sensing and GIS spatial information. The effects of soil erosion factors were determined，and soil erosion map of the area was made.Based on the above results，the erosion types and area of the north of the six counties(districts) of Yulin region were investigated，and the spatial distribution of soil erosion type, intensity and the characteristics were analyzed.

Abstract:History of soil and water conservation and its monitoring (abbreviated as SWCM) were reviewed，and contents of soil erosion monitoring as ambit，object and index were discussed. The foundation stone of SWCM，i. e.，the basic theories of soil and water conservation and subject denotation of soil and water con- servation were analyzed. Finally, the way of fully utilizations of the information of the processes and outcome investigation was discussed and some basic problems about the development and research of SWCM were induced.

Abstract:The monitor site planning involves all categories of fields, river basins and erosion types in Liaon- ing Province, and basins of Liaohe river, Daling river and Huntai river etc. are also considered. The types include sloping runoff field，hydrometric station and checking stands of small catchment，etc. . Our monitoring goal，the cause and modulus of soil erosion under different Land-use types，and total loss of soil and water in a watershed，primarily own to the sites, i, e.，all of the original data, such as silt，flow rate and rainfall come from the sites.

Abstract:Soil and water conservation monitoring network stations in He'nan Province is an important component of the national networks and information systems, which include provincial-level central monitoring station, 6 prefecture-level monitoring stations and 29 water erosion monitoring spots. The 29 water erosion monitoring spots are the represent of loess terrace area，loess hill，gully area in the west of He'nan Prov- ince, lithic Taihang mountain area in the north of He' nan Province, weathering gneiss low hill area of the south Funiu mountain in the southwest of He'nan Province，granite and gneiss area of Dabie mountain in the south of He' nan Province. And an operational guidance plan was put forward:firstly monitoring sites should be managed and accounted as a full budget of pure public organization, whether it is central monitoring station or sub-stations;secondarily, each kind of monitoring organization implements unified administration and the graduation responsible management systems. The central or substation should be leaded by Ministry of Water Conservation and the same province level water administration department，simultaneously accepts the service instruction of the higher level of conservation organization; thirdly，refered to the financing means about hydrology，meteorological，the environmental monitoring and forest resources monitoring, and so on,the organization operation funds should integrate with the fiscal budget of same level organization.

Abstract:Plot-scale runoff experiments play an important role in soil and water conservation monitoring, which can not be replaced by other measures. In order to ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the data from the plot scale measurements, it is crucial to finding the most suitable methods regarding monitoring and data analyzing procedures. In the semiarid environment，recognization of rainfall event is significant for distinguishing different runoff events caused by natural rainfall and recording the related hydrological processes simultaneously, especially in consecutive rainy days. However, how to define one single rainfall event in the real world? How long the interval between two parts of rainfall is considered as an independent events How to define the corresponding runoff and erosion caused by such rainfall events? All these important problems need to be solved. The displacement method is tried for treating water samples. The method is relative economical and effective, only need some pycnometer, and the data quality can be ensured. Therefore, we sug- gest using this method，especially in the high erosive regions. Meanwhile, the citation of material and uzilization of information from runoff-plot measurements should be carefully amended and verified, and can not be used without any verification.

Abstract:Although many soil and water conservation monitoring works have been addressed in our country since 1990's, studies on the basic theories of soil and warter conservation monitoring are still weak. Based on the overview of soil and warter conservation monitoring practices and theories, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the conception of soil and water conservation monitoring, the connection of soil and water conservation monitoring with observation of soil and water conservation and soil erosion model researches. Finally the contents and methodology of soil and water conservation monitoring were dicussed.

Abstract:As soil and water conservation works start lately, no good precedent experience can be followed to compile the great amount of the monitoring data. So in this article, we took the 3 running monitoring sites (including rainfall observation field, slope runoff plot and control station of small watershed) as a case study，try to demonstrate the content，procedure and approach of reorganizing and compiling of the observation data，after which, the data can be easily found and saved. The rationality and reliability of the monitoring data were analyzed and some existed problems in current observation data of the monitoring sites were further put forward. We hope our works can promote the alternation of soil and water conservation monitor work and its sustainable development.

Abstract:Through analysis of the nature condition and the distribution characteristics of soil erosion type and soil erosion control area in Fujian Province，the layout principle and its main works of soil conservation monitoying station and soil erosion survey sites of the province was put forward，i. e.，3 levels of monitoring sites should be established:the general monitoring station of Fujian Province should be located in Fuzhou City，and the 9 branch stations should be located in 9 administrative districts of the province, the 16 soil erosion survey points be located in soil conservation station，soil conservation science and technology demonstration garden and hydrology station in the province. Finally some problems related operation and management of the monitoring sites are discussed.

Abstract:The slope runoff monitoring site is an important component of the monitoring net of soil and water loss. The key principles of its plan and design are: specific objectives, clear monitoring methods，and feasible management. Taking the plan and building of the runoff monitoring site in Beijing as an example，we dis- cussed the plan and design of the runoff monitoring site of the objective, principle, and the collocating aspects.

Abstract:With the methods of investigation and water quality sample analyzing, index of ecological，economis and social benefit were monitored and evaluated in eco-clean small watersheds of Facheng, Jiuyuan,Lingjiao, Tanchang and Qinglongjian. The results show that the construction of clean small watersheds can improve the ecological environment and water quality of the bigger watersheds or the local area. Meanwhile,the clean small watersheds provide human with high quality water, favorable living and vacation place, which can improve local agricultural productive condition and optimize the industrial structure.

Abstract:Monitoring site is the base and important constituent of soil and water conservation monitoring. Standardized site construction is the precondition of scientific and stable of monitoring and sustainable development of the works. After the operation and management status of monitoring sites in our country was analyzed，this article proposed that standardized construction should include the following aspects: establishment and layout of sites, monitoring facilities and equipments, staff, monitoring data operation, and monitoring funds safeguard，etc. The way of standardization of each aspect was discussed briefly, finally some suggestions shout the work in the next step were proposed.

Abstract:In this article, some new ideas on the construction of monitoring sites of soil and water conservation in Hubei Province were discussed，and some basic construction methods of soil and water conservation monitoring sites in different spatial scale were put forward. The regional representativeness of monitoring site was analyzed，main approach of monitoring sites standardization was summed up. The main questions of site construction of soil and water conservation were posted and the corresponding measures were suggested.We wish this article can provide site construction and management with some references for the national soil and water conservation.

Abstract:The impact on soil and water conservation and ecological environment caused by large-scale coal mining subsidence area has aroused widespread concerns, and finding a new monitor method on water and soil loss caused by fully mechanized long-wall coal mining is of great significance. A new monitor method called monitor strips can be used on the monitoring of this mining subsidence area. The monitor strips is a timeseries and cross-space three-dimensional monitoring system with a reasonable layout of monitoring strip and comprehensive application of various monitoring measures, in considering with local conditions of topography, ground cover，transportation, agricultural production and other factors. It characterized by integrated arrangement and easy management，concentrated monitoring measures，comprehensive concerning of all monitoring items and with large amount of information. It is a useful attempt on the exploration and innovation of soil and water conservation monitoring, however it need further examination in practice.

Abstract:The dynamic of vegetation cover in Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region was analyzed based on 1 kmX 1 km SPOT-VGT data from 1998 to 2007. The MVC method，difference value method were used to analyze the annual，seasonal and monthly NDVI changes. The univariate linear regression of one variable was used to simulate the changing trend of the NDVI values. The results show that from 1998 to 2007，the annual maximum NDVI value declineds slightly in Xinjiang. The NDVI values showed an increasing trend in spring while decrease strikingly in autumn. The maximal NDVI value of a year appears in July in Xinjiang. In the last 10 years，the accumulation of monthly NDVI evidently increased in March，April and June; the maximal decrease was in September. The simulating results indicated that there were some regions where vegetation cover was increasing, but the increasing range was smaller than the decreasing range on the whole. The improved regions of vegetation cover mainly were oasis agriculture areas; the degenerated regions mainly appeared in mountain areas.

Abstract:Under natural dry conditions, diurnal changes of photosynthetic characteristics of Stipa bungeana and Panicum virgatum were measured with the Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The results showed that the Panicum virgatum had bigger photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, smaller transpiration rate and strong stomata adjustment ability. Stipa bungeana had smaller photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. Compared with Stipa bungeana，Panicum virgatum's higher photosynthetic rate may be caused by its high Rubisco activity because of its relative smaller stomata conductance.

Abstract:Laser diffraction method(LD method) has been regarded as an effective method of measuring soil particle size distribution( PSD) in recent years. In order to compare PSD difference in measurements by LD method and pipette method in black soil region, 178 soil samples collected from various layers of 36 soil profiles were analyzed by LD method and traditional pipette method. Results showed that，compared with pipette method，clay content by LD method was under-estimated by 19. 69 0 o，and silt and sand contents were overestimated by 14. 66%and 5. 13%，respectively. According to US soil texture classification, soil texture varied from silt and clay texture to sand and silt texture, compared with pipette method. For clay，silt and sand particles, three PSD transform models between LD method and pipette method were built. When the transform models were used to revise PSD by LD method, the accuracy of measured PSD was 96. 97%~98. 71%and the accuracy of determined soil texture classification reached 83. 15%by LD.

Abstract:The temperature of sand dunes with eco-mat and without eco-mat in Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province was measured continuously in August，2004. The results showed that，eco-matting can effectively reduced the mean diurnal soil temperature and mean temperature of each layer (0，5，10，15，20 cm )，the mean daily soil temperature decreased about 5. 5℃，4. 0℃，2. 4℃，2. 1℃and 1. 6℃respectively if coveyed by eco-mat. The eco-matting also reduced the temperature difference of each layers, compared with the contrast of mobile dunes, the temperature difference after eco-matting were 8. 8℃，5. 0℃，4. 5℃，2. 8℃ and 2. 8℃from 0 cm to 20 cm respectively. Additionally, variance of soil temperature of each layers also tend to decreased as the soil depth going down. We can roughly concluded that eco-mat can effectively reduced soil temperature of the soil layer from 0 cm to 15 cm, and effectively slowed down the variance of soil temperature, both of which may benefit to reduce soil evaporation under high temperature.

Abstract:Gas exchange, chlorophyll relative content and leaf water potential were measured and compared in leaves of 6 broadleaved tree species under soil water control conditions, the 6 species are Populus simonii Carr.，Ulrnus pumila var. sabulosa，Ulmus glaucescens Franch.，Ulmus pumila L.，Salia matsudana Koidz.，Amorpha fruticosa L.. The results showed that the six tree species had different decreased magnitude in net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, Intercellular CO₂ concentration, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency under stronger drought stress. The decrease range ranked as Ulmus pumila L, Populus simonii Carr, Sali.r matsudana Koidz, Amorpha fruticosa L, Ulmus glaucescens Franch，Ulmus pumilavar, sabulosa，indicating that there were some differences in photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency among different tree species under drought stress. Chlorophyll relative content were also different among six tree species, under severe drought stress condition, biggest decrease of chlorophyll relative content was observed in Ulmus pumila L, and smallest decrease occurred in Ulmus pumila var sabulosa. The results indiGated that damage degree of photosynthetic apparatus of the six tree species were different under drought stress conditions. The results of leaf water potential indicated that Ulmus pumila L and Populus simonii Carrwere more sensitive to drought stress and easily being hurt.Ulmus pumila var. sabulosa and Ulrnus glaucescens Franch had the stronger drought tolerance of dehydration and slower response to drought stress,the leaves of them were not easily damaged by drought stress.

Abstract:The objective of this study was to ascertain the best irrigation methods through researching the effects of different irrigation on alfalfa biological characteristics and biomass by a randomized block experiment. The main conclusions were as follows:(1)The leaf area of alfalfa increased from branching period to full flowering period，Irrigation quantity increased shoot/leaf ratio unremarkably; The bigger height of alfalfa appeared at higher irrigation quantity. (2) Budding period is the key stage affecting fresh biomass formation, so reasonable irrigation should be carried out at this time to improve the leaf area，height and output.

Abstract:Integrated water resource security evaluation has been a hot topic in the research of water resource management in recent years. The TOPSIS based grey correlation integrated evaluation model of water resource security was established and applied to the case study of Beijing City from 1996 to 2006. It was demonstrated that the grey relative closeness degrees of water resource security to the positive ideal solution were quite low，with the least one of 0. 350 in 1999 and the largest one of 0. 507 in 2006，which implied that the water resource of Beijing City was facing severer challenges, although its general situation had been improving slowly during the concerned time. The analysis of water resource security indices indicated that the supply insufficiency of water resource was increasing, while the values of state and response indices were improving gradually. Finally, suggestions were proposed to improve the water resource security status of Beijing according to the evaluation results,which will lay solid foundation for the urban water resource management and regulation.

Abstract:This paper seek to evaluate the application potential and accuracy evaluation of CBERS-02B high resolution (Pan) data. Taking Xixiang County of Shaanxi Province as a test area，radiometric and color enhancement is performed to HR image; then the HR image was fused with the CCD images based on five algorithms，and image qualities are evaluated between original images and fused images in terms of qualitative and quantitative aspects. Finally, land-use categories were extracted and classification accuracy was evaluated based on the two datasets. The results show that land-use classification accuracy is improved greatly by fusion of 02B high resolution data and CCD data, and Brovey algorithm is best for keeping the spatial textures and spectral characteristics of images among five algorithms. HR image should be applied widely in resources investigations and ecological environment monitoring.

Abstract:Taking Hiroshima，Japan as an example, the landslides are monitored dynamically by making use of high-revolution remote sensing imagery, and the multiple regression analysis equation about the natural and environmental functions affecting the landslide is constructed;then the occurring probability is determined using quantification theory Ⅱ .The results can provide bases for the forecasts of landslides.

Abstract:Take the soil database establishment of Laixi City as an example, this article elaborates the essential techniques and process on how to establish soil database. After field sampling and investigation, the soil database of Laixi City was established on the basis of soil and land use status investigation data. Soil database of Laixi City consists of soil spatial database and soil attribute, component which were structured by the technique of MAPGIS and Visual FoxPro. Basic unit of soil spatial database is grid map that each village was allocated one type of soil species. Soil attribute database and spatial database is connected by the key fields of"village, soil species and the corresponding number". This research probably can offer service for soil resource management and decision of Laixi City and provide some references for the soil database establishment of other counties.

Abstract:The spatial changes of landscape pattern and its corridor effect have been a basic and hot issues of landscape ecology. This paper discussed the methods how to research landscape pattern space change and their effect by RS and GIS in Taoguan area of Wenchuan County before and after earthquack disaster, and also extracted the information about the distribution of landscape, then contrasted the landscape pattern of the past and the present situation, this provided a strong theoretical basis for rational planning of economic development and living address of mountain people.

Abstract:Based on geo-statistical principle and semi-variability theory, this paper quantificationally studied the spatial variability of soil factor for modeling of soil erosion by water in GIS, comparing the accuracy of different interpolation methods, including IDW，Spline and Ordinary Kriging. The results showed that the spatial correlation of regional soil coefficient of soil anti-scourability was moderately, the nugget-to-sill ratio was 32. 29%，while the spatial correlation of steady infiltration rate，collapse velocity and shear strength was very strongly correlated，the nugget-to-sill ratio was 13. 19%，11. 61 % and 12. 98%respectively. In a word，taking account of MRE, RMSE and interpolation results, Ordinary Kriging interpolation was the best one,which represented the spatial characteristics of soil factors well and can be better used in regional soil erosion model in view of data requirement. To Ordinary Kriging, the lag step of the steady infiltration rate was 30000 meters, and the semi-variance theory model was exponential model whereas the soil coefficient of restitution,collapse velocity and shear strength was 50 000 meters respectively, and the semivariance theory was Gaussian Model. Besides, owing to the spatial distribution of soil type ranging from north to south, each index showed clear zonation differentiation character.

Abstract:We established a land quality indicator system for Chongqing area of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region，using the press-state-response frame(abbreviated as PSR).The pressure index include rainfall，soil erodibility, terrain，land，population and income pressure, etc.;The condition index include soil ero- sion，fertility and pattern condition;The response index include usage and policy response. The land quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir region was primarily evaluated with the method of experts scoring，hierarchical assignment and comprehensive evaluation. The result indicates that the land quality synthesis score of Three Gorges Reservoir region is 2. 76 points, i. e.，the land quality is somewhat low. The scores of pres- sure，condition and response index are 2. 14，3. 13 and 3. The low land quality can be interpreted by the human interference and widely distributed purple soil and steep slope. Finally we hope that this work can provide land quality evaluation and ecological restoration with some methods and references.

Abstract:It is important to enhance soil body erosion resistance and stability in the lithoid slope ecological protection. This paper proposes the designed principle and concrete construction of soil protecting wing technics. This technics was tested at Qingfeng ecological protection project，the result shows that the rock slope using soil protecting wing techniques restored more quickly，soil body erosion evidently decreased and the soil body can add 4 to 7 cm thickness more than that of not using soil protecting wing technic. So，the soil's pro- tecting wing technics has a great value of extension and application.

Abstract:An experiment about the effect of soil evaporation prevention agent called Guilspare was carried out using subsurface drip irrigation on soybean farmland. The results were summarized as follows:under the condition of 1%，2%spraying concentration and 50 0 0，100 0 0 of field water capacity，average soil water contents attained 14. 07%，7. 46%;22. 48 0 0，12. 89%improvement against the contrasts respectively, so better water retention effect was observed under 2%spraying concentration than that under 1%concentration.Obvious soybean growth improvements were observed both under different concentrations and irrigation con- tent:for the soybean yield, its increasing effects were 6. 08%，9. 39%;11. 49%，16. 02%under 1%，200 spraying concentrations and 50%，100%.There was more remarkable yield increase under 2%spraying concentration than that of 1%.At last，under condition of spraying concentration 2%and 50%field capacity irrigation，WUEI reached its maximum value 1. 06 kg/m'，the integrative effects of productivity increasing and water saving were mostly obvious.

Abstract:The spatial variability of vegetation coverage, height, root depth and breadth distribution, aboveground and belowground biomass, and biodiversity were measured on different slope position and exposure of excavated rock soil surface after vegetation restoration by spray seeding technique and incorporation with extra soil. The results showed that significant difference of vegetation coverage variability existed on different slope positions, in the same slope, the value rank as: down-slope(87%)>up-slope( 31%)>mid-slope(190o)along the same slope. Slope position has significant effects on vegetation cover, height and Pielou evenness of plant communities, the effects on root depth and breadth, aboveground and underground biomass, Marglef species richness and Simpson abundance were in- significant. Slope aspect also has significant effects on Pielou evenness index of plant communities, the rank of spatial variability is western-slope>northern-slope>southern-slope>eastern-slope, no significant effects on vegetation cover, height, root depth and breadth, aboveground and belowground biomass, Simpson diversity and Marglef abundance were detected.

Abstract:The standards for the investment estimate of the soil and water conservation in the basic develop- ment construction project constantly update as the situation changes. In this article.different standards of investment budgetary were used to estimate the construction supervision fees, monitoring costs and compensation payment for the soil and water conservation facilities for comparison. We concluded that investment estimation should correctly use the suitable standard，and should adjust and check according to the actual sit- nation of different projects.

Abstract:Karst rocky desertification is an eco-geo-environmental problem which has been paid more and more attentions in recent years. After considering the philosophical evidence, we discussed the connotation of karst rocky desertification to a more comprehensive and reasonable extent in virtue of introducing the background，in which all kinds of connotation were put forward，analyzed and compared connotations of karst rocky desertification. Karst rocky desertification is a process of land devolution that mainly occurred at the background of tropical，subtropical belt and warm temperature zone vegetation is destroyed，its main phenomena can be summarized as followings:eroded seriously, bedrock and gravels are exposed，the land productivity declines seriously, and at last the karst succeed to desert liked landscapes under human activities and natural forces on the vulnerable environment of ecology and geology, and karst rocky desertification are influenced by interactivities of human beings and the vulnerable environment，its essence and diagnostic sym- bols are land productivity degradation and landscapes appear to be karst rocky desertification respectively.

Abstract:After reviewing the related literature，we summarized the connotation，types，system construction，technological process，and focus on the pre-warning system of land security, and the general idea applicable to Chinese national conditions was further discussed. In this article，using the goal of early-warning method，the case of cultivated land security in Guangzhou City was demonstrated. Totally the situation of cultivated land security in Guangzhou. City becomes worse. Although some progresses have reached，there are still a large number of actual issues to be studied further. It is necessary to make a unified technical regu- lation to solve the existing problems.