Abstract:Sediment delivery ratio(SDR) is the important indicator to represent the basin soil erosion and sediment:one of the sediment transport characteristics.Based on the measured data of runoff plots,small watersheds and hydrological stations of loess hill gully region,using the methods of runoff plots measured data and unit watershed erosion modulus,the SDR of 4 spatial scales were analyaed.The results showed that:(1)The SDR of watersheds between area of 10 and 100 km² was approximated by two methods estimated.It was feasible to use unit watershed materials to calculate SDR,while there was no runoff plots data.(2)For the hydrological station controlled watershed,it could take the watersheds between 1 and 100 kmz as the unit watershed to calculate SDR while there was no material of watershed below 1km².However,it has too large error for tributary of different erosion types.(3)Watershed management measures have obvious effect for reducing SDR,but its effect has a degree of lags.

Abstract:Simulated field rainfall experiments were conducted to study the runoff and sediment production as well as soil infiltration characteristics on sweet potato and bare lands in Ziquejie terrace area.The results showed that compared to the two bare lands,sweet potato land had a much higher infiltration rate due to its high coverage and loose soil.No runoff was generated on sweet potato land during the low rainfall intensity of 0.65 mm/min,and the runoff,sediment rate and runoff coefficient reduced substantially in comparison to bare lands during medium(1.15 mm/miW and high(1.65 mm/miW rainfall intensities,showing a strong runoff and sediment reduction effect.However,it had a relatively higher sediment concentration with the value being 1.3 and 2.8 times of bare lands,respectively.In the current study,runoff,sediment,and infiltration processes fitted well by power functions.The sediment rate was linearly correlated with runoff rate.

Abstract:This study investigated the characteristics of soil infiltration and their influencing factors under different de-farmed plantations of Bambusa rigida and B.pervariabiLisX Dendrocalamopsis daii in Changning County of South Sichuan Province.The results indicated that the characteristics of soil infiltration differed significantly with the depth of soil layer and number of de-farming years.The result of the comprehensive evaluation was obtained by principal component analysis,and seven test stands were classified into three groups based on soil infiltration capability.The first group,which included 5-year defarmed and norrde-farmed plantations of Bambusa rigida exhibited the strongest soil infiltration capability.The second group,which was composed of l-year defarmed Bambusa rigida plantation and farmland,showed a stronger soil infiltration capability.The third group,which comprised the three remaining types of B.pervariabiLisX D.daii plantation,demonstrated a relatively weak soil infiltration capability because of high degree of soil compaction as well as poor soil structure and permeability.The simulation of soil infiltration characteristics indicated that the fitting effect of Kostiakov model was better than that of the Horton model in the study region.

Abstract:The soil erodibility characteristics of four land use types in Yanqing County of Beijing City,such as agricultural land,Prunus armeniaca,Cupressacea,mixed forest of trees and shrubs,was studied by measuring and analyzing the characters of soil water-stable aggregates,organic matter content and the soil erodibility K value.The results showed that structural damage rate was followed in the order:agricultural land Prunus armeniaca > Cupressacea > mixed forest of trees and shrubs,and forestlands were significantly lower than agricultural land(p < 0.05).Soil organic matter content with the increase of soil depth has certain rising trend in the agricultural land,soil organic matter content with the increase of soil depth decreases in the forestlands.Different land use types have the K value differences,which was followed in the order:mixed forest of trees and shrubs< Cupressacea < Prunus armeniaca < agricultural land.The K value of surface soil (0-20 cm) was less than that of 20-40 cm deep soil,indicating that the soil resistance to erosion capacity was above the deep soil and it is important to protect the surface soil. The soil erodibility K value was closed related to the factors:such as soil clay content,organic matter content and soil water-stable aggregatest closely(p < 0.05).

Abstract:Taking 4 typical shelterbelts in Chemingyu Forestry Station,Zhongyang County,Shanxi Province as studying subjects,the article discussed the relationship between soil anti-erosion ability and soil physical and chemical characteristics through measuring the soil anti-erosion index by the experiments of static soil collapse.The results indicated that:the soil anti-erosion ability varied apparently with the types of shelterbelt,among which the order of soil anti-erosion indices is as follows:combines foresty of Larix spp. and Betula platyhylla Suk. >Betula platyhylla Suk.>Larix spp>Quercus liaotungensisKoidz.;Anti-erosion ability decreases with the increase of soil depth and time of water soaking.Soil anti-erosion indices in up-per 20 centimeters are 2-5 times as these under 20 centimeters and present a cubic polynomial relation with time of soaking.The amount of soil bulk density,water-stable aggregate(>0.25 mm),organic matter and total nitrogen is of significantly relations with anti erosiorrindex and some kind of lineal relation with its physical and chemical characteristics.

Abstract:The runoff in five different surfaces was observed in Sunjiacha basin of Yuzhong County in Uansu Province,and the relationship between specification of leve-terrace preparation and rainfall in semiarid loess hilly region was studied.The results showed that the runoff in mowing grass plot was 9.77%-24.87% higher than that in original barren slope plot.In comparison with barren slope plot,Tamarix mongolica plot and Caragana microphylla plot were capable of decreasing the runoff for 8.28%-60.57%and 12.24%-78.41%,respectively.The depth of runoff after individual rainfall had a great linear relationship with rain-fall intensity.The level terraces were definitely able to increase the rainfall conversation.The configuration of level terraces should be under the consideration of maximum 6 h rainfall within five years.In this case,the level terraces ridge should be 0.1 m,with the slope length of 3.9-8.2 m.Heightening the ridge properly will raise the efficiency and protection area of level terraces.

Abstract:With observation data of runoff plots, the paper analyzed the effects of several typical measures on regulating runoff in slope land of red soil in south china.The results showed that compared with the bare plot,the effect of vegetation measures to runoff reduction was 21.1%-94.2%,the effects of down-slope tillage and contour tillage to runoff reduction were 59.7%and 72.3%,repectively.Under the same condition of other measures,the effects of engineering widely adopted in the south of China measures such as terraces level ditches and fish-scale pits,which are were above 68.3%.Compared with single measures,the effect of comprehensive measures of engineering measures with vegetation measures and tillage measures to runoff reduction reached 91.6%,and comprehensive measures should be widely popularized in the south of China.

Abstract:The research of soil pressure distribution on the terraced field ridge of polyprophylene bags was undertaken with the test of soil pressure using the soil pressure boxes under artificial rainfall and the cause of slumping and bulging of retaining wall of terraced field with polypropylene bags in Qinba Mountain in Southern Shaanxi Province was explored.The results showed that the distribution curve of soil pressure on the terraced field ridge varied with different building conditions,and the heavy rain and continuous rain are the key factors of the collapse of the terraced field ridge.

Abstract:Soil samples from different slope positions of the upper,middle and down stream of Binzhou river basin were collected to analyze the spatial distribution of soil microbial communities,as well as to compare the relationship of spatial distribution between soil microbial communities and soil erosion.The results showed that the number of soil microbial communities and bacteria ranked as downstream>mid-stream>upper-stream at the watershed scale,the number of fungi ranked as upper-stream>downstream>midstream at the watershed scale,and the number of actinomvcetes was the highest value in the middle of stream.The number of soil microbial communities and bacteria in different slope positions followed the order:dowrrslope>upper-slope}mid-slope>the number of fungi in different slope positions followed the order:upper-slope mid-sloped down-slope,and the number of actinomvcetes in different slope positions followed the order:upper-sloped dowrrslope>mid-slope.The results also indicated the spatial distribution of soil bacteria and microbial community corresponds with the spatial distribution of the rate of soil erosion-deposition,which demonstrated that soil erosion-deposition rate was the key factor for governing the spatial distribution of soil microbial community and bacteria in Binzhou river basin.

Abstract:The flow shear stress involved in rill erosion process on loess hillslope and its effect were studied by multi-plot experiments under simulated rainfall with addition of steady inflow through the tops of the plot.The results showed that:(1)The rill flow shear stress increased along with time under different rainfall intensities and the relationship could be described well with a linear equation.The rate of increase was a little less in 6 min after than before.(2)Under different slopes,it increased basically in the same trend and an equation of the straight line could be used to describe the change.The rate of increase appeared difference when runoff began after 12 min.(3)The shear stress of average slope rill flow increased with rainfall intencity and rapidly increased with slope. Its relation to rainfall intensity could be described by a logarithmic equation;to slope,by a power function equation;and to both of the two factors,by a dual power function equation.(4)Under different rainfall intensity and slope,the rill erosion rate increased along with the rill flow shear stress and the relationship could be described well with a linear equation.The shear stress of rill flow,that had significant erosion effect,was one of the important hydraulic parameters and hydrodynamic source of rill erosion.

Abstract:Ueological condition,one of three debris forming factors,mainly provides the solid source for debris flow,and weathering plays very important role in the formation of solid source.The article analyzed the influence of physical and chemical weathering on the formation of solid source based on the rock firmness coefficient and concluded that:(1)The physical weathering,often caused by frost wedging in favor of the formation of debris flow,is the main reason for the development of the solid source of debris flow;(2)The chemical weathering does not provide the solid source directly while the carbanion is not in favor of the formation of debris flow.Based on the modification of the rock firmness coefficients by physical and chemical weathering,the geological factor forming debris flow is obtained,which was tested with good result in the judgment of debris flow outbreak in Wenchuan Earthquake area.

Abstract:In order to better understand the characteristics of soil water under different land use modes,the physical and chemical properties of the soil was analyzed with the saturated hydraulic conductivity(K)tested in laboratory by soil water lysimeter and the correlations between the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and its physical and chemical properties was achieved.The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil was decreased with soil depth while the K,was in the decreasing order in the forestland,field ridge and farmland.The K,had the significant correlationship with the soil bulk density,non-capillary porosity and water-stable aggregates(>0.25 mm) and organic content. It is suggested that the forestland,filed ridge,farmland should be deployed rationally with the reduction of the abandoned land to improve the permeability and texture of the soil.

Abstract:In order to explore the effect of land use changes on soil microbial biomass,five different kinds of land use sites were selected from forest zone,forest steppe zone and steppe zone separately on the loess hilly area of Yanhe valley in Shaanxi Province. Soil microbial biomass carbon(SMBC),microbial biomass nitrogen

Abstract:Hydrological functions of main planted forest litters were assessed by measuring and analyzing the litter amount,the water holding capacity,and the processes with methods of field survey and soaking extra tion experiment in the loess hilly region of Western Shanxi Province.The relationship between water-holding capacity of litter,water absorption rate and soaking time was established.The results showed that the litter amount ranged from 6.81 to 56.64 t/hm²,with a decrease order of Larix gmelini Rupr. X Betula platyphylla Suk.forest,followed by Larix gmelinii Rupr.forest,Platycladus orientalis(I,inn.)Franco forest,Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.X black locust forest,Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest,Betula platyphylla Suk.forest,Caragana korshinskii Kom.forest,black locust forest.The maximum water-holding volume of different forests litters ranged from 10.08 to 100.78 t/hm²,the maximum water holding rate ranged from 146.54%to 203.74%,and the mixed interception amount and the effective interception amount showed similar trends with values from 9.41 to 88.65 t/hm²,and 7.90 to 73.53 t/hm².Soaking experiments showed that the water-holding volume increased logarithmically with soaking time,while the water-absorption rate showed an inverse function with soaking time.And the water-holding volume increased sharply during the first 0.5 h,then slowly increased,when soaking 12 h,basically reached the maximum water holding volume,and water holding capacity tends dynamic equilibrium.Comprehensively speaking,the litter water holding characteristics of Larix gmelinii Rupr. X Betula platphylla eight kinds of plantation forest,and black locust forest platyphylla Suk. mixed forest was the host one of was the worst one.

Abstract:On the basis of field washing experiments,dynamic variation characteristics of soil anti-scourabilitv and its influencing factors were studied under six vegetation types including the conversion of farmland to Minjiang cypress,Minjiang young cypress,Robinia pseudoacacia,the shrub,natural secondary forest and the mixed young stands.The results showed that changes of runoff amount were significant with washing time under different vegetations.Runoff amount increased firstly with the increasing of washing time under different vegetations,and then decreased.Runoff amount of the control(CK)was lower than that of the shrub,and was higher than that of the other vegetations.Sediment concentration was keeping stability after decrease with the increasing of washing time under different vegetations.Sediment concentration was the lowest with the increasing of washing time for the conversion of farmland to Minjiang cypress.Sediment concemrauon was me Lower wm me mcreasmg of wasmng ume for me mixea young stanas,ana zne ume of steady sediment concentration was later than that of the other vegetations. The results also demonstrated that soil anti-scouring index changed in the following order of treatments:the conversion of farmland to Minjiang cvpress>Minjiang young cvpress>Robinia pseudoacacia>the shrubs natural secondary forester the mixed young stands}the control(CK).Under different vegetations,there was significantly negative correlation between soil anti-scouring index and soil bulk density. There was significantly positive correlation between the size of<0.001 mm in micro-aggregate composition and soil anti-scouring index.There was no stges nificantly different between content of the other particles in micro-aggregate scourmg index.There was significantly negative correlation between content of index.composition soil availahle and P and soil anti-soil anti-scourmg.

Abstract:Meadow alkaline soil was taken as research object in Songnen plain.Water-stable aggregates and carbon distribution in meadow alkaline soil were studied through long-term fertilization of manure. The recults indicated that the larger water-stable aggregate content(>1 mm) was decreased with planting years increasing by long-term fertilization of manure,but 0.25-0.5 mm water-stable aggregates was increased significantly.The soil organic carbon(SOC) contents were increased in various size with planting years increasing,SOC contents in size of 2-5 mm were highest,and SOC contents decreased with size decreasing.Using correlation analysis,0.25-0.5 mm water-stable aggregates were significantly related to SOC contents.Water-stable aggregates and SOC contents in meadow alkaline soil slightly increased after continuous 4-year planting.

Abstract:Based on field hydrological data from 1995 to 2010,the article analyzed the characteristics of precipitation and its effect on soil erosion in Uuanchuan River basin,Dingxi County,Uansu Province and concluded that:Firstly,most of the rainfall occurred from May to September,while erosive rainfall concentrated in July and August.Within the 15 years,erosive rainfall days accounted for 9.53%of annual rainy days and erosive precipitation accounted for 39.41%in total amounts.Secondly,about 1123 rainy days were observed during the 15 years with a total precipitation amount of 4866.98 mm and mean precipitation of 304.19 mm.No obvious trend was found during the 15 years.The proportion of days with erosive rainfall was about 10%annually.Thirdly,a strong positive relationship were found between river runoff and soil erosion(P<0.001),both of which decreased over time.The precipitation effect on soil erosion delayed when soil was dry.Finally,because water erosion process is quite complex,rainfall amount,erosive rainfall amount,rainfall erosivity can not reflect soil erosion independently.

Abstract:In 18 years old,22 years old and 38 years old Larix-principis-rupprechtii plantations in Saihanba Forestry Station of Hebei Province,soil quality indicators such as physicochemical properties,enzymatic activities and microbe quantity were researched comprehensively.The key indexes and varying patterns of soil quality were understood by data analyzing.Soil indicators have significant differences in even-aged stands.With the increasing of soil depth,the soil bulk density and pH values magnify correspondingly,while the values of the other 12 indicators(including soil water content,capillary water holding capacity,capillary porosity and so on) have an adverse trend.The same indicator among uneven aged stands also has significant difference.The optimal indicators in 18 years old stands are the catalase activity and bacteria quantity,while SWC,capillary water holding capacity,capillary porosity,organic matter(OM),urease activity and fungi in 22 years old stands,and soil bulk density,total K,rapidly-available phosphorus,total nitrogen and actino-mycetes in 38 years old.The results of principal components analysis(PCA) showed that the soil bulk density,capillary water holding capacity,capillary porosity,quantities of OM,actinomycetes and fungi are optimal indicators of soil quality.The comprehensive score of Larix-principis-rupprechtii soils in 18,22 and 38 years old plantations are 0.122,0.253 and.375,respectively.The highest score of soil quality in 22 years old stands suggests that the soil is the best.

Abstract:Soils in wetlands under returning farmland to lake with different vegetation types(Carex maximowzczii>Rumex acetosa Linn.and Phragmites australis)were sampled to analyze the effects of the three vegetation types on soil organic matter,total P and available P and their distributions in soil profiles in the Caizi Lake.Results showed that soil organic matter content in 0-6 cm layer were the highest under Rumex acetosa Linn. and the lowest under Phragmites australis.Moreover,soil organic matter contents in 6-13 cm,13-25cm,25-40 cm,and 40-55 cm layers were in the order of Phragmites australis and Carex maximowicziiand Rumex acetosa Linn.and decreased with soil depth under all the three vegetation types.The contents of total P under all the three vegetation types were high in 0-6 cm layers and the lowest in 6-13 cm layers,and then increased with soil depth.Available P contents decreased with soil depth in all the soil profiles,and there was no significant difference in the same soil layers under different vegetation types except that Rumex acetosa Linn.was higher than Phragmites australis and Carex maximowiczii in 0-6 cm layer. There was no significant difference of soil phosphorus efficiency in all the same soil layers under different vegetation types except that Rumex acetosa Linn. was higher than Phragmites australis and Carex maximowiczii in 0-6 cm and 6-13 cm layers.Litters and root distribution under different vegetation types were the cause of distribution variation of organic matter and phosphorus in soil profiles,and farmyard manure for the aquacul-ture also caused soil nutrient accumulation in surface soils.

Abstract:In order to study soil water characteristics in greenhouse soil,the soil water retention curve,hydrophysical property and specific water capacity were analyzed and water characteristics for both undisturbed and disturbed soils were compared in greenhouse in Shuangliu County of Sichuan Province.Results showed that the change of soil water retention curve in disturbed soil was the same as that of undisturbed soil generally.On the condition of the same soil water suction,soil water content of disturbed soil was higher than that of undisturbed soil in low suction stage,while the difference of soil water content was not significant between disturbed and undisturbed soils in high suction stage.There was the same tendency in profile change of capillary porosity,total porosity and wilting coefficient in both disturbed and undisturbed soils.The difference was not significant between field capacity and available water content for disturbed soil,while field capacity and available water content showed the decreasing tendency along with increasing soil layer for undisturbed soil.On the condition of the same soil water suction,the specific water capacity of disturbed soil was far above that of undisturbed soil in low suction stage,while the change of specific water capacity showed the same tendency between disturbed soil and undisturbed soil along with increasing soil water suction.

Abstract:To evaluate the influence of different management measures on the water-holding capacity of Pinustabulaeformis Carr. plantation litter,the litter reserves,the maximum moisture,the natural moisture and the effective interception amount were measured and analyzed respectively at the time of tending beginning,tending after 2 years and tending after 4 years.During the process of experiment,the following five measures on Pinus tabulae formis Carr. plantation were used:clearing cutting with banding,banned tending,selective cutting with hole shape,branch pruning and introducing shrub,and with the not banned tending as a control group.The results showed that:(1)The litter reserves and moisture increased with the time.(2)Under the different management measures,the litter reserves after 2 years and 4 years followed as the sequence:clearing cutting with banding>banned tending>selective cutting with hole shape>branch pruning}introducing shrub>not banned tending;the maximum moisture of the litter after 1 to 2 years ranked as:introducing shrubs banned tending> clearing cutting with banding> selective cutting with hole shape>branch pruning,and after 2 to 4 years:introducing shrubs clearing cutting with banding> banned tending>selective cutting with hole shape>branch pruning>not banned tending;(3)The natural moisture of the litter after 1 to 2 years followed as:banned tending> introducing shrubs selective cutting with hole shape>clearing cutting with banding>branch pruning>not banned tending,and after 2 to 4 years:introducing shrub>banned tending>selective cutting with hole shape>clearing cutting with banding>branch pruning>not banned tending;(4)The effective interception amount ranked as:clearing cutting with banding>selective cutting with hole shape>introducing shrub>banned tending>branch pruning>not banned tending.

Abstract:In order to study the soil nutrients and pH value at different revegetation stages in the edge of Tengger Desert,we selected six kinds of vegetation recovery phase soil from east to west,and tested pH value,organic matter total and available nutrients.The results showed that:in the process of sand dune fixation,soil organic matter and total nitrogen exhibited an increasing trend,respectively from 1.32 and 0.025g/kg ro 1.89 and 0.061 g/kg which reached a significant level.Available nitrogen and available potassium in the semi-fixed sand dunes were significantly increased.Due to the large number of plants growth soil available nitrogen and potassium contents in the fixed sand dunes were lower than that in the semi-fixed sand dunes.Desert grassland had a higher content in soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available nitrogen,and degraded desert grassland had slightly higher available phosphorus than that of the desert grassland.With the restoration process of degraded desert grassland,available phosphorus in the artificial Haloxylon forest declined and available potassium increased.Artificial Haloxylon Haloxylon forest had a low pH value.In vegetation recovery process,the presence of sand vegetation played a decisive role of nitrogen and organic matter enrichment.With the fixing of sand dunes and restoration of vegetation,soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus contents increased,and the soil organic matter content had a strong positive correlation with soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus and available nitrogen content.

Abstract:The regionalization of soil and water conservation is the important basis of soil and water conservation planning for a long time in the future.The regionalization would be valid to guide the planning of soil and water conservation.Under the background of the national regionalization and the guidance of the Taihu Basin Authority of Ministry of Water Resources,the paper finished the third level division of soil and water conservation in Zhejiang and Fujian hilly areas,which would be helpful to the management pattern of soil and water conservation in the areas.

Abstract:Based on clarifying of land ecological security and taking Xingtai City,Hebei Province as the case,using the principle of systematic analysis and the security matrix of land ecology,a system of 22 indexes suitable for this region was used to calculate the status of three years(2000,2004 and 2010 respectively).The results show that the comprehensive security status of land ecology is labeled"sensitive grade for 2000," alarming grade for 2004 and0 sensitive grade for 2010.It indicates that the land security status in Xingtai City in 2000,2004 and 2010 is in the“unsafe state.The main causes for the“unsafe state are the population booming,land contamination,overgrazing,deforestation,overgrazing and extensive farming.Finally, this paper brings forward countermeasures to guarantee the safety of land ecology.

Abstract:This paper studied the dynamics changes of soil humus and its composition〔humic acid(FA) and fulvic acid

Abstract:Based on the measurement of the heavy metal Pb and Cd seasonal content in the surface dust by ICP-MS in the culture and education district in Xi'an City,the article analyzed its pollution characteristics using the classification of geological cumulative pollution index,evaluated the health risks with the health risk evaluation method.The result showed that the content of the heavy metal Pb and Cd content in the surface dust exceeded its soil background value of the Shaanxi Province and most of the geological cumulative index was smaller than 1,which belonged to the slight pollution while the pollution in winter was more serious than the other seasons,of which the contents of the metal Pb and Cd were higher in the eastern suburb while equal in the rest southern,western and northern suburbs.Among three isotopes of Pb and Cd,the content of ²⁰⁷Pb and ¹¹²Cd were the highest. The average daily exposure intake of Pb and Cd was through mouth by mistake,and intake of Cd was more harmful than Pb.

Abstract:Based on the determination of soil microbes and soil enzyme activities,principle component factor analysis was used to build a soil biological properties' effect evaluation system under different models of Grain-for-Green.The results showed that the correlations of the amount of actinomycetes and fungi were significant or very significant with the activities of invertase,urease,cellulose and catalase.The correlations between the dominant microbes and the enzyme activities,including Micrococcus and invertase,Bacillus and ce11u1ase,Trichoderma and catalase,Actinoplanes and catalase,Saccharomyces and urease were positively significant.It indicated that the diversity indices of actinomycetes' and fungal dominant groups were very important to evaluate the soil fertility,as well as the four soil enzymes activities.But bacteria and yeast which had little biomass were less important.The integrated fertility index(IFI)was used to evaluate the plots quality of soil biological fertility.The study indicated that the soil fertility could be ranked as follows:the surface of Pleiohlastus amarus forest>the surface of Betula Luminifera forest>the surface of cropland>the subsurface of cropland>the deep cropland>the subsurface of B.Luminifera forest and P.amarus forest the deep B.Luminifera forest>the deep P.amarus forest. It stated that the ecological improvement of P.amarus forest was better than that of B.Luminifera forest.

Abstract:With the intensification of global climate change and human activity,soil erosion is more serious and has become one of the biggest obstacles to regional sustainable development.Based on LISLE model and UIS spatial analysis technology,the quantity of soil erosion was estimated in Dabie mountain area in Anhui Province.Selecting soil nutrients,soil water,sediment retention-siltation and the deserted land loss as the index of economic losses,the economic loss of soil erosion in Dabie mountain area of Anhui Province was as sensed using the methods of replacement cost,recovery cost,shadow engineering and so on.The results indicated that the modulus of the average soil erosion in Dabie mountain area in Anhui Province was 2443.4t/(km²·a) in 2007,and the total amount of soil erosion was 2.29 X 10⁷t/a. The highest soil erosion were Jinzhai County and Yuexi County,having 7.62 X 10⁶t/a and 5.42 X 10⁶t/a,respectively.Seeing from the spatial distribution,the more serious soil erosion was mainly concentrated in the western region while slight soil erosion was in the northeast and southern. The total amount of economic loss of soil erosion was 920.528 million yuan in Dabie mountain area in Anhui Province.The value of nutrition loss was the biggest with 825.578 million yuan,accounting for 89.7%of the total soil erosion economic loss. Sediment loss was 47.342 million yuan,accounting for 5.1%.Economic loss of Jinzhai County was the biggest with 372.663 million yuan,having 40.18%of the total economic losses.Then it was Yuexi County,accounting for 23.54%.The smallest is Shucheng County and Tongcheng City.

Abstract:The eight water systems in Zhejiang Province are the main water systems that support the economic development and ensure the drinking water sources.Currently the eight water systems are polluted to various extents.The main socioeconomic factors that affect the water systems pollution could be divided into five types by factor analysis,namel,regional economic development factor,agriculture development factor,agriculture and forestry services factor,fishery development factor,and population density factor.Yongjiang river ranked first based on the total socioeconomic scores among the eight water systems,followed by Tiaoxi river,Cao' a river,Aojiang river,Jiaojiang river,Qiantang river,Oujiang river,and Feiyunjiang river.Water was polluted at the least when the scores of all the five factors are between-1 and 0.On the other hand,the total score being above 3 or below-3 indicated that the water pollution degree was the lowest,with sort ofⅠ,Ⅱand Ⅲ water accounting for more than 90%.Water pollution is related to the level of economic development,but in a large degree,it is the result of the interaction between economic development and other factors,and is more closed to the balanced development of the five socioeconomic factors.The water pollution degree was positively related with the unit area of first output value in the region where agriculture and forestry are not prominent.

Abstract:By using methods of linear regression,the Mann-Kendall test,inverse distance weighted spatial interpolation and wavelet transform,the characteristics of climate and the trend of droughts and floods were analyzed based on temperature and rainfall data collected from 70 meteorological sites in Sichuan-Yunnan region from 1961 to 2011.Results showed as follows:(1)Temperature presented an increasing change over the last 51 years in Sichuan-Yunnan region with the tendency rate of 0.21℃/10 a,and has a significant long-term warming trend with the warming trend coefficient as high as 0.71.The annual averaged temperature was affected most by the altitude with the lowest annual average temperature happened in Western Sichuan plateau and the highest in the Southern Yunnan Province.(2)In the past 51 years the annual precipitation showed an decreased trend in Sichuan-Yunnan region with the decreasing rate of 10.76 mm/10 a. The precipitation was influenced by the southwest monsoon and the altitude with the relatively low precipitation happened in West Sichuan Plateau and the surrounding area of the Southwestern Sichuan basin,relatively abundant in Sichuan Basin and the most abundant in Southwestern Yunnan Province.(3)Climate warming and drying trend was obvious in Sichuan-Yunnan region with a sudden warming change and rainfall reducetion occurred in 1997 and 1999 respectively and droughts and floods oscillation periods of 10-15 years and 28 years.The trends of disasters changed clearly from floods to droughts in Sichuan-Yunnan region.

Abstract:Based on meteorological data of 130 meteorological stations in the southwest of China from 1960 to 2011,we have calculated standardized precipitation index(SPI) on different time scales,adopted the MannKendall trend analysis method and inverse distance weighted interpolation method,and analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of drought in the southwest in the past 52 years.The results indicate as follows:(1)In the aspect of annual variation,there was a notable inter-annual fluctuation in the southwest of arid region,and the linear trend was more obvious.Especially the drought frequency has significantly increased in the past 12 years.In most areas,the drought index showed a decreasing tendency,with the most obvious decrease in autumn,while that in winner was opposite.(2)In the spatial distribution of the south-west,the spring drought mainly distributed in Hengduan Mountains,Uuangxi Hilly,the east of Sichuan Basin and the southern part of Uuizhou Plateau.The summer drought was mainly located in the north of Hengduan Mountains,Zoige Plateau,the western and southern part of Sichuan Basin,the central part of Yunnan Plateau hilly,and Uuangxi Hilly.The areas with higher incidence of autumn drought were mainly located in the south of Yunnan Plateau,the southwest of Hengduan Mountains,Uuizhou Plateau and Uuangxi Hilly.The winter drought mainly concentrated on the Zoige Plateau and the southwest of Sichuan Basin.

Abstract:The assessment was conducted on the lake eutrophication in the Dalian Lake ecological restoration region using Uarlson model and comprehensive trophic status index.The results revealed that the water at all monitoring sites are eutrophic and the main factors are nitrogen and phosphorous.The balance of nitrogen and phosphorous was poor with the total N input of 2174 kg/a,92% of the total N content,and the total P input of 466.27 kg/a,97%of the total P content,which mainly come from the upper-stream,while the out puts of N and P are 1963 and 352.1 kg/a,respectively,showing that the rates of retained N and P was 9% and 24%, respectively.Although the water quality of Dalian Lake ecological restoration region has been significantly improved,some measures still need to be taken to decrease the input of N and P from the upperstream in order to reach the standard ∏ of the surface water.

Abstract:Abstract:Samples collected around reclamation land of Huainan coal mine were analyzed on the concentration of heavy metals(Cd,Zn,As,Ni,Cu,Pb,Cr,Mn) in the soils under different land use patterns(wheat field,peach ochard,vegetable greenhouse and rape field).The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals Zn,Cd and As in soil from reclaimed coal mine was 4.38,2.57,2.20 times of reference soil and there was a rather large difference of the accumulation of soil heavy metals under different land use patterns.The concentration of Zn,Cd,As in wheat field and peach orchard are higher than that in the vegetable greenhouse and rape field.The Cr concentration in vegetable greenhouse and peach orchard are higher than that in the wheatland and rape field.The difference of concentration of heavy metals of Ni,Cu,Mn,Pb under different land use patterns was not significant.Land use types,fertilization and coal mining activities were the main reasons leading to the difference of heavy metals concentration in soils under different landuse patterns.The order of soil heavy metals concentration risks in soils is as Cd>Zn>As>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cr>Mn while the highest is the Cd concentration in reclaimed soil(89.71).The ecological risks in different land use pat terns is as wheat feild>peach orchard>vegetable greenhous>rape field.

Abstract:Based on the analyses of the present situation of water resource utilization and the statistic of the natural,cultural and economic conditions as well as water resource data of Jiangxi Province in 2009,the six indices(precipitation,irrigation intensity,water resource development degree,domestic water quota,per captta the water supply and the ecological water use ratio)were adopted to evaluate the sustainable utilization of the water resources m 11 cities in Jiangxi Province using fuzzy identification theory.The results showed that comprehensive water utilization in Jiangxi Province reached to a substantial scale with grade.

Abstract:Taking Fengdu County of Chongqing City as the study area,with the help of the method that combines object-oriented classification and supervised classication.The article qualitatively analyzed the spatial characteristics of rural residential area in Fengdu County,Chongqing City with the combination of object oriented classification and supervised classification and divided the rural residential area of Fengdu County into 4 levels of suitability area:highly suitable area,medium suitable area,less suitable area and unsuitable area.And then based on the cluster analysis,4 types of development areas were formed in Fengdu County as key development areas,potential development areas,restricted development areas and priority development areas and corresponding regulation and control modes were proposed.

Abstract:The article evaluates the ecological security of land for five cities in Southern Jiangsu Province by matter-element model to present the trends of the ecological security and the regional differences of their influencing factors.The results show that:(1)The main factors promoting the ecological security of the land are economic factors while the negative factors vary from regions to regions:the use of pesticides brings great threats to Wuxi,Changzhou,Suzhou and Zhenjiang City;the industrial waste gas decreases the ecological security in Nanjing City;the industrial waste water has negative effects on Suzhou and Wuxi City and the high population density brings different threats to all five cites.(2)Uenerally,the ecological security of the land in the five cities were improved to higher levels from 2003 to 2009 either steadily or rapidly,and there is much chance and space for the situation in Nanjing,Changzhou and Zhenjiang City to be improved.

Abstract:To establish the index system is the key step of the regionalization of soil and water conservation which is the basis of soil and water conservation.The new regionalization work is]ust in its starting stage in Jiangsu Province after the new law decide how to choose the index.22 on soil and water conservation was published,at which it is important to indexes were selected based on the design principles of index system of soil and water conservation regionalization,combined with the characteristics of natural,social,economic conditions and land use and soil erosion and water loss situation in Jiangsu Province,from which 15 indexes were extracted by principal component analysis,calculated with the weight of every component,and finally the index system established.

Abstract:An evaluation index system of urban waterfront environment in Huangyuan County was established by construction a mathematical evaluation model using fuzzy mathematics and analytic hierarchy method.According to the system,the environment of the Huangshui riverside environment in Huanyuan County is of medium level.Combined with the information from field reconnaissance and the evaluation result,it is suggested that the environment construction would better the urban planning by:(1)Building a habitable city with clear water and green mountain;(2)Expanding urban space through the waterfront development and construction;(3)Increasing the value of the related land with the waterfront landscape architecture;(4)Creating a water abundant public space for the community making use of the flood control project.

Abstract:In order to study the characteristics of soil seed banks and the features of vegetation restoration in different geologic hazard areas after Wenchuan Earthquake,species composition,density and the relationship between soil seed bank and the above ground vegetation were analyzed.Field surveys backed with seed gerurination experiments in the local natural environment were conducted in five different types of disaster(inchiding landslides,avalanches,debris flow,rock fall and barrier lakes) in Beichuan County of Sichuan Province.The results showed that the soil seed bank's density was 30133.33±6776.03~93383.33±26499.81 seed/m²,and the variance analysis indicated that only the soil seed bank density of rock fall was significantly different from other damage types.The density distribution of seeds between 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layer showed no obvious hierarchical distinction.The proportion of annual or perennial herbaceous was 90.48%,the shrub was 9.52%and no tree was observed. Sorensen indices of species composition betweensoil seed banks were high,between 0.529-0.714.Meanwhile,they were not high between soil seed banks and the above ground vegetation,which were between 0.167-0.292.The average number of species between soil seed bank and the above ground vegetation were not correlated either.It was recommended that vegetation restoration should be left mainly to natural recovery.If only a few simple soil and water conservation measures are taken,it will promote seed germination and vegetation update.Due to lack of tree species in the seed bank,artificial input of arbor seed fall is needed when the rapid introduction of trees is considered.

Abstract:The evaluation of coordinated development degree of land use has important guiding significance to the regional land use.Based on the ecological services value(ESV) degree of land use,and taking the 101 counties in Shaanxi Province as study areas,the evaluation model of coordinated development degree of land,use had been established from the two aspects(the socio-economic development and ecological environment quality of land use),and thus a comprehensive evaluation of the coordinated development degree of land use has been made.The results showed that the evaluation of land use efficiency could reflect to some extent the potential of land use,and then provided a better perspective to comprehensive analysis of the coordinated development degree of land use.At the same time,the coordination of economic and social benefits of land use was significantly higher than the coordination between the ecological benefits in the cities and counties in Shaanxi Province.The coordinated development degree of land use was higher in Yulin,Yan'an City and the surrounding counties.Overall,the coordinated development degree was descending from north to south.Therefore,in the process of economic development,we should pay more attention to the protection of eco-logical environment,and strengthen the land carrying capacity.

Abstract:The stability of secondary bare slope was studied by adopting the methods of runoff sediment concentration and anti-scourability was analyzed in 6 sample plots of Sunjiawan coal-mining area in Fuxin City.The results showed that the anti-scourability existed significantly difference in mining secondary bare slope,and had the regular rules of dynamic changing.In the initial,the overall changing trend of runoff sediment concentration was larger,then sharply reduced in regular,and then stabilized.Compared with natural soil,its sediment concentration was less and decreased faster.There was an obvious power function regression relationship between the sediment concentration and the scouring time in different plots.The overall trend of anti-scourability coefficient was increasing gradually with the time.The anti-scourability coefficient in the secondary bare slope was larger than that of natural soil in the initial 10 min.The relationship between the anti-scourability coefficient and time followed the exponential equation obviously.

Abstract:Based on the growing-season field measurements of seventeen arbor sites and fifteen shrub sites and combined with the meteorological data,the actual evapotranspiration during the growing season for arbors and shrubs were calculated and compared,and the impacts of precipitation,initial soil water storage and potential evapotranspiration on actual evapotranspiration with different precipitation patterns were analyzed.The results showed that the amount of growing-season actual evapotranspiration for arbors was higher than that for shrubs in both the dry and wet years.The influencing factors of actual evapotranspiration were different with different precipitation patterns. In the wet year,the actual evapotranspiration was mainly influenced by the precipitation,followed by the potential evapotranspiration;while in the dry year,the major fate for that influences the actual evapotranspiration was initial water storage,followed by the precipitation.This study provides a guide for vegetation reconstruction of the Loess Plateau.

Abstract:Field experiment was conducted in South of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to find efficient method to measure soil solution concentration.Soil water content was measured by tensiometer.Soil water and soil were sampled by soil drill and soil water extractor with the same depth,respectively.Soil EC_1:5 and EC_ewere measured by conductivity meter.Soil solution concentration was measured by flame photometer and titrmetric method.Linear regression analysis on measured data was carried out by means of SPSS 17.0.The results showed that there was a significant linear relationship between EC_1:5and soil total salitv when EC_1:5 was 0-10000 μS/cm;EC_ecould be calculated by EC::through the coefficent of relationship which was decided by soil saturation content1:5was 0-3 000 μS/cm,there was a significant linear relationship between soil solution concentration and EC_1:5.Therefore,on the basis of measuring EC_1:5of the soil samples,and identifying the conditions under which it can be applied,the EC_e and C can be directly calculated through correlation.

Abstract:Abstract: Field investigation was carried out along the Shaanxi-Shanxi Uorges in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.Typical palaeoflood slackwater deposits of the Holocene age were found at the Pingduguan sites.They were identified by sedimentary criteria during fieldwork initially,sampled and invested in detail.Analysis of the grain-size distribution,loss orrignition and CaCO₃ content indicated that these slackwater deposits consisted of sandy silt,silt fine sand and sand.They were classified as sandy silt,silt fine sand and sand in contrast to loess and paleosoil which were classified as clayey silt on the loess tableland in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.The magnetic susceptibility of the slackwater deposits was very low because they were newly deposited and unaffected by weathering and pedogenesis.The CaCO₃ content of the slackwater deposits was between paleosoil and loess indicated that the suspended sediment load is mixture of aeolian loess and sand,which came from the windy and sandy areas.They were well sorted because of long distance transportation in floodwater.The shape of particle-size distribution curves of the slackwater deposits was high and thin.It represented a low turbulence deposit.

Abstract:According to the typical survey data of soil and water loss caused by thermal power projects in Jiangsu Province,the author analyzed the correlation of the filling-cutting volume and soil erosion modulus after disturbed using SPSS and Excel software. The characteristics and the intensity of soil and water loss were discussed qualitatively and quantitatively.The result showed that the soil and water loss in temporary bulldozers area was the most serious,and the average erosion modulus reached 14747 t/(km²·a),which should be the key monitoring and prevenlion area.The difference of erosion intensity in temporary bulldozers between different types of geomorphology areas in the north or south of Jiangsu was great.It was the most in plain sandy area(in the north of Jiangsu),which reached 14392 t/(km²·a). The second was the hilly areathe plain sandy area in the north of Jiangsu Province>the hills area in the north of Jiangsu Province>the plain area in the south of Jiangsu Province}plain area in the north of Jiangsu Province.

Abstract:The potential of rainwater resources utilization were calculated and compared using the empirical formula method and SCS-CN model method.The amount of surface rainwater resources through different methods were analyzed and contrasted monthly and seasonally to find time and spatial distribution of water resources.Result showed that the predicted amount of surface rainwater resources by the empirical formula method in wet years(P=25%),flat water years7 < m³,1.98X10⁷ < m³,1.22 X 10⁷ < m³and 2.14 X 10⁷ < m³,respectively.The predicted amounts by the model method in wet years,flat water years,dry years and average annual precipitation years were as follows:3.21 X 10⁷ < m³,2.16 X 10⁷ < m³,1.31 X 10⁷ < m³ and 2.50 X 10⁷ < m³,respectively.The calculated value of experience method's was less than that of the model method.The summer of July,surface rainwater utilization potential reached a maximum value of corresponding feature year.

Abstract:With biochar modified by adding different types of water retaining agent polyacrylamide(PAM,a material with strong ability of water retention and cohesiveness) such as MW polyacrylamide,cationic poly-acrylamide and anionic polyacrylamide,this article analyzed the influence of the biochar modification on the soil's water evaporation and maize growth in seedling stage.The results showed that the evaporation of soil water decreased by 4. 1%with 3%biochar application after two weeks while the soil water content significandy increased by 39.7%and 50.4%with 2.5%and 5%biochar application in potting soil respectively.And with modified biochar application in the potting soil,the water-holding capacity significantly increased with the potting soil water content 10.5%to 63.0%higher.The order of the water absorbency with three modified biochar 2:10>1.5:10>1:10 showed that the water absorbency increased with the ratio of PAM addition.The highest water absorbency was found with the MW polyacrylamide while that with 2.5%and 5%modified biochar application significantly increased by 54.3%-84.0%and 119.5%-145.1%respectively. Taking consideration with soil water retaining and plant growth 2.5%modified biochar application was chosen to use in the agricultural production.

Abstract:A lot of experiences were conducted in different hydraulic retention time(HRT),temperature and COD/N to explore the removal efficiency of TN,NH₃-N in the water using the wavy subsurface constructed wetland(W-SFCW) test device,and to discuss the nitrogen removal principle by detecting nitrogen removal content in various forms along the path of W-SFCW device.The results showed that total nitrogen rate was higher and could amount to 74.92% when HRT,temperature,COD/ N were 5 d,26.8℃,5,respectively.In addition,we found that ammonia nitrogen was mainly in shallow water through the nitrification into NO₃-N,and the NO₃-N was removed through the deep water denitrification into Nz in the deep water.

Abstract:Arsenic rock and sand,two main substances in Mu Us Desert,called“two evils by the locals an the primary causes of soil erosion and land desertification.This paper mainly focuses on the farmland-building technology of mixing arsenic rock and sand.It also studies the characteristics of mixed soil of arsenic anc sand in different proportions. The results showed that crops growing in Fuping County and Yuyang engineering demonstration zone had good effects,indicating that corn is suitable for planted in 1,2 remixed soil,anc the most suitable ratio for potato is 1,5.The soil fertility and environmental quality of mixed soil are botl in line with the planting standards.

Abstract:Based on UIS and RS,a quantitative research on soil erosion in Taiyuan City is undertaken by RUSLE.The paper analyses the impact factors of soil erosion.At last,a new classification of soil erosion in Taiyuan City is put forward.The results show that most part of Taiyuan City are dominated by little or slight erosion,which is mainly distributed in the forest area in the middle and southern regions and in the arable land such as terrace

Abstract:This paper used the latest research results of ecosystem services value method and map overlay of UIS method to assess environmental impact of new general land use planning of Yangzhou City.The research results indicated that ecological services value of Yangzhou City ascended after a short period of declining during the planning period,while the municipal district and Baoying County presented a descending trend.Ecological services value of Yizheng,Uaoyou and Jiangdu City presented a consistent ascending trend;Most planned constructive land was distributed in non-sensitive and low-sensitive areas,and 3.62%constructive land was distributed in middle-sensitive areas,and only 0.36%constructive land was distributed in high-sensitive areas,so the distribution of constructive land in the plan scheme had relatively good ecological suitability.This paper put forward feasible preventive and alleviative measures aiming at minimizing the negative impacts which may be caused by the implementation of the plan.In the context of strict implementation of the plan and the carrying out of relative preventive and alleviative measures,this plan is feasible from the perspective of environmental protection and sustainable development.Using ecosystem services value method and map overlap of UIS method to assess environmental impacts of general land use planning is scientific and feasible.

Abstract:The activity of 5 kinds of soil enzvmes(urease,protease acid phosphatase and catalase,sucrase) were studied in six typical forest types(evergreen broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest,conifer/broad-leaved mixed forests,Chinese fir forest,Bamboo forest and Cryptomeria fortune forest)at the similar altitude in Fengvang Mountain nature reserve of Zhejiang Province.The results showed that evergreen broad-leaved forest soil urease and catalase,acid phosphatase activities were higher;Cryptomeria fortune forest soil invertase activity was higher;And coniferous forest showed the highest soil protease activity.In contract the Chinese fir forest soil's urease,invertase activity was low;Soil enzyme activity had obvious stratification distribution,the soil was deeper and the enzyme activity was lower;At the same time vertical correlation analysis showed that the higher,especially the pH soil enzyme activity and soil physical and chemical properties index was value,organic matter content and soil enzyme activity in most close correlation relations.

Abstract:On the basis of field survey,UPS location and soil analysis,a study was carried out with the Excel and ArcUIS 9.3 software to analyze salt ions,present situation and spatial characteristics of soil salinization at the Tajik Abat Town.The results showed that ions in 0-30 cm soil were dominated by Na⁺,Ca²⁺,C1^-,among which there was a strong positive correlation(r=0.98)between Na⁺and Cl,negative correlations between HCO₃^- and the other six ions-,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,K⁺,C1^-,SO₄^2-);the ratio of Cl^-to SO₄^2- was much lower on cultivated land than wasteland;the ratio of Cl^- to SO₄²⁺ in 0-30 cm soil was positively correlated with total salt on both cultivated land and wasteland with correlation coefficients 0.68 and 0.32,respectively.At the presentst age,chloride-sulfate salinization soil

Abstract:The study was conducted to determine the plastic film mulching on the soil physical,chemical and biological properties such as soil microbial population,enzymatic activity,microbial biomass carbon and active microbial biomass at the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers under the poplar field conditions.The recults showed that the soil water and alkaline hydrolysis N contents within the depth of 20 cm increased obviously with the plastic film mulching compared with the traditional treatment while the pH value and the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen and available P decreased;the numbers of bacteria and fungi increased by 44.89%and 42.58%,respectively;the number of actinomyces had no significant changes;the activity of urease enzyme deceased by 13.02%;the activity of catalase enzyme, invertase enzyme and polyphonic oxidace enzyme improved by 29.25%,83.66%and 28.95%,respectively,which was in favour of decomposition and utilization of the soil nutrients.The changes between that in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers were similar while the variations between the traditional treatment and plastic film mulching were less in the 20-40 cm soil layer,which indicated that the effects of plastic film mulching on poplar field weakened with the increase of soil depth.It is concluded that plastic film mulching obviously ameliorated the ecological environment of the soil in the poplar field,especially in the topsoil.

Abstract:It is important to find out the load and source for the norrpoint source pollution about nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff field of Yunlong reservoir in order to provide a scientific basis to protect water quality.The nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads in Yunlong reservoir runoff field were estimated according to the approach of export coefficient modeling.The results showed that:(1)The total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads of norrpoint source in Yunlong reservoir runoff field were 2079.8 and 454.32 t/a respectively and the pollution loads in reservoir were 207.98 and 24.73 t/a respectively.(2)Nitrogen and phosphorus loads in Sayingpan town generated the highest volume,Yunlong and Maoshan town export were the lowest,and the remaining towns produced nearly.(3)The main pollutant sources were domestic pollutant and poultry excrement pollutant.

Abstract:Spatial variability of soil moisture and salinity in four typicalplant communities in the Ebinur Lake wetland was analyzed by traditional statistics and geo-statistics methods.The results indicate that:(1)Apart from the strong variability in the Phragmites community,soil moisture and salinity are of medium variation in the other plant communities;(2)With soil depth increasing,the variability of soil moisture in the Haloxylon ammodendron community and Halocnemum strohilaceum community shows no obvious change while that of Suaeda salsa community and Phragmites community goes declining.As for soil salinity,apart from the Haloxylon ammodendron community,the variability of soil salinity was reduced gradually from top to bottom in the other plant communities with the high salt content in the surface layer;(3)The spatial strut tural analysis shows that the distribution of soil moisture and salinity is well accorded to the Uaussian model in certain areas with strong spatial autocorrelation affected by climate condition,distance from the lake,area fluctuation of the lake and soil types of four plant communities;(4)As for the correlations of the soil moil ture and salinity among four kinds of plant communities,all correlations are relatively small,of which correlation between Suaeda salsa community and Phragmites community is positive,and that between Halocnemum strohilaceum community and Haloxylon ammodendron community was negative.The variabilities of soil moisture and salinity in the Suaeda salsa community and Phrahmites community are generally bigger than those in the Haloxylon ammodendron community distance from the lake adffected spatial variability and Halocnemum strobilaceum community showing that of soil moisture and salinity.

Abstract:Qingtu Lake is the tail-streams of Shivang River.The soil particle size distribution,the fractal dimension and the relationships between the fractal dimension of soil particle size and fractal dimension within the distance of 0-500 m of the edge of Qingtu Lake's surface were analyzed.The results showed that:the range of fractal dimension of soil particles in 0-20cm, 20-40 cm soil layer were 2.3708-2.8796 and 2.3590-2.7509 respectively. Fractal dimension of 0-20 cm soil layer had a slowly increasing trend in the range of 0-150 m and reached the maximum(2.8796)at 150 m,then it gradually decreased;Fractal dimension of 20-40 cm soil layer was slowly increasing within 100 m and at 100 m reached the maximum(2.7509);The soil fractal dimension had a significant negative correlation with sand content,and significant positive correlation with proportion content of silt and clay.Both the increase of particle content with diameter<0.05 mm and decrease of particle content with diameter>0.05 mm caused the increase of fractal dimension of soil particle size after the formation of water area.

Abstract:The structure and functional diversity of soil microbial community in gravel-mulched farmland were analyzed under the different years. The results indicated that the total number of microbial community in gravel-mulched farmlands under the different years was significantly lower than that in control farmland,and the total number of microbial community was gradually decreased with the increase of mulched years,and there were significant difference among 1-3 a,5-10 a and 10-15 a gravel-mulched farmland(p

Abstract:A physical process-based model(CoupModel) was applied to simulate daily soil moisture and temperature of broadleaved fore(Schima superhaLithocarpus glaher)and coniferous fores(Cunninghamia Lanceolata X Pinus massoniana)in Simian Mountain,which located in the Three Uorges Reservoir area.Then,the OAT method(one factor at a time) was adopted to analyze sensitivities of the model parameters.The validation results showed that CoupModel could fairly simulate the dynamic changes of soil moisture and temperature.Determination coefficient(R²),mean error(ME),root mean square error(RMSE),and Nashsutcliffe efficiency coefficient(NSE) of soil moisture were 0.81-0.94,-0.O1%-0.26%,0.24%-1. 83%and 0.80-0.87 respectively, while they were 0.92-0.99,-0.14-0.06℃,0.18-0.34℃,and 0.90-0.98 for soil temperature.It meant that the model had a good applicability in this region.The results of the sensitivity analysis indicated that,many parameters had great influence on the simulation of soil moisture,such as lambda,air entry,residual water,saturation,matrix conductivity and PsiRs-lp.While scaling coefficient,organic layer thick,plant albedo,light extinction coefficient,cond VPD and PsiRs-lp impacted on simulation of soil temperature.

Abstract:Based on Landsat TM/ETM imagery and statistic data,the quantitative research has been under-taken to explore the dynamic changes of the urbanization patterns,the construction land expansion from 1995 to 2010 and its natural and cultural driving force in Quanzhou urban area using five determinants:expansion speed,expansion intensity,spatial and temporal distribution,land use changes and expansion drives etc.The results showed that:(1)The urban construction land in Quanzhou City is mainly distributed in the old Quanzhou City,Huian County and Jinjiang City,which expanded along the development axis of Luoyang River and Jingjiang River;(2)The urban construction land in Quanzhou City grew gradually during period between 1995 and 2010,which could be divided into two phases:the rapid development between 1995 and 2005,and slow development between 2005 and 2010;(3)The new built up land was mainly converted from cropland with some from orchard and forest;(4) Physical and social factors such as population and topography economic growth,policy play important roles in the expansion of construction land in urban area of Quanzhou City.

Abstract:By investigating Tuohe River section in Suzhou City,this study used the Dongguanzha station as the sampling point to analyze the main index of water quality based on the continuous monitoring data of Tuohe River from 2004 to 2009.The monitored water quality indicators are DO,BOD,COD,NH₃-N,TN and TP.Based on the method of single factor evaluation,the intuitive graphical interpretation,the linear trend analysis and seasonal Kendall test were used to explore the seasonal and interannual trends of water pollution of Tuohe River.The results indicated that:(1)Water quality changed significantly during a year,the content of DO NH₃-N and TP were higher in winter,while TN and COD were higher in spring and autumn,and the BOD content was higher in summer.(2)The inter-annual variations of BOD,NH₃-N and TN showed significantly downtrend,while there was no obvious change about COD.In general,water quality of Tuohe River section in Suzhou City is becoming better.

Abstract:On 21^st July in 2012,the most severe disaster resulted from extra torrential rains since 1949 happened in Beijing City.Based on the traits of the floods and rains and the disaster situation,as well as the damage of soil and water conservation facilities,the vegetation measures for both disaster mitigation and ecological regulation and the function of watershed management on storms disaster reduction were analyzed.The proposals of strengthening the efforts of regular monitoring on soil and water conservation and accelerating the constructions of defensive measures on monitoring and predicting model,as well as monitoring,and warning system of soil and water conservation were put forward.