Abstract:[Objective] The effects of erosion on the surface soil of erosion gullies in sloping cropland soils in a black soil area were studied in order to provide theoretical support for the rational utilization of soil resources and regional soil and water conservation work in black soil areas. [Methods] The study was conducted on erosion gullies with different degrees of development in Yanshou County, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Provicne. Particle size distribution and water storage properties of soil on the slope, at the bottom of the gullies and at the head of the gullies were quantitatively described. [Results] ① Soil bulk density, maximum water-storage capacity, maximum water-retention capacity, total storage capacity, dead storage capacity, and maximum effective storage capacity at different depths were significantly different (p＜0.05). As soil depth increased, soil bulk density also increased, and water-storage, water-retention, and effective water storage capacity decreased. Each layer had a maximum water-storage capacity of about 90% of its saturated capacity, and the effective water utilization rates were 44.79% and 41.87%, respectively. The development of erosion gullies had a clear influence on effective soil water. ② The infiltration characteristics generally showed that the initial infiltration rate＞the 30-minute infiltration rate＞the stable infiltration rate. As soil depth increased, the infiltration characteristics of the three indicators decreased between gully A₂ and A₄ for different erosion degree gullies. In the 20—40 cm layer, the infiltration characteristics of gully A₁ to A₄ followed the order of CK (control group)＞ gully A₁＞ gully A₄＞ gully A₂＞ gully A₃. Infiltration initially declined and then increased. With the development of the erosion gully, soil infiltration decreased and then increased. ③ The development of erosion gullies was the main reason for the change in clay content. The percentage of clay in the 0—40 cm layer tended to increase first and then decrease. The percentage of sand in the 0—20 cm layer tended to decrease first and then increase, showing a trend toward increased coarseness. ④ The soil degradation index followed the order of gully A₁＞ gully A₂＞ gully A₃＞ gully A₄ in the 0—20 cm layer. Soil degradation increased with the development of erosion gullies. Soil degradation was most severe in gully A₄. [Conclusion] The differences in soil profiles was the main reason for the differences in physical properties of black soil. Soil water-holding capacity in the 0—20 cm layer was weakened and soil degradation became severe as erosion gullies developed.

Abstract:[Objective] The effects of different vegetation restoration types on the permeability and water holding capacity of degraded granite red soil were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for soil and water conservation and accurate restoration of degraded red soil in this area. [Methods] With seriously degraded granite red soil and natural forest (NV) as the control treatment, we determined the soil permeability and soil water holding capacity of degraded granite red soil under different vegetation restoration types using field investigation, laboratory analysis, and the ring knife method. [Results] Soil permeability decreased with increasing soil depth for different vegetation restoration types. The characteristic values of soil infiltration followed the order of initial infiltration rate ＞ average infiltration rate ＞ stable infiltration rate. The soil permeability and the total amount of soil permeability in the first 30 min for the different vegetation types were compared with that of NV. Soil permeability and total soil permeability in the first 30 min followed the order of NV ＞ arbor, shrub, grass (ASG) ＞ grass in irrigation ditches (GGH) ＞ closed canopy (CC) ＞ low-efficiency forest transformation (IFT) ＞ grass sown in the whole slope (FSG) ＞ severely degraded land (HDL). The sequence of saturated water storage in the 0—40 cm soil layer followed the order of NV ＞ ASG ＞ GGH ＞ CC ＞ IFT ＞ FSG ＞ HDL. Redundancy analysis of soil permeability indexes and soil physical and chemical properties from the 0—5 cm soil layer showed that soil hardness, soil bulk density, silt content, and sand content were the factors that restricted soil permeability, and soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium, pH value, and clay content were the important factors that could increase soil permeability. [Conclusion] ASG was the best vegetation restoration type to increase soil permeability and water holding capacity.

Abstract:[Objective] The characteristics of sand and dust transport amount and particle size on the windward and leeward sides of a natural Populus euphratica riparian forest at the Arghan section of the lower reaches of the Tarim River under the prevailing wind direction were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for its windbreak and sand fixation capacity. [Methods] Sediments were collected from two windward sites (Y₁ and Y₂) and two leeward sites (B₁ and B₂) of the forest at five heights of 10, 30, 50, 100, and 150 cm near the surface using a BSNE sand collector. The particle size characteristics of the sand samples were then measured using a Microtrac S3500 laser diffraction particle size analyzer. [Results] ① The horizontal flux of sand and dust in the four sample plots followed either a power function or exponential function distribution, and total sediment transport followed the order of Y₁ ＞ Y₂ ＞ B₁ ＞ B₂. The sediment transport for each sample plot decreased with increasing height from the soil surface. ② The reduction of sediment on the leeward side compared with the windward side ranged from 35% to 80% less than on the windward side, indicating that the natural P. euphratica riparian forest in the lower reaches of the Tarim River has obvious windbreak and sand fixation benefits. ③ The average particle size of sand grains at all heights was 80~93 μm, mainly composed of extremely fine sand. The particle size frequency curve showed a single peak distribution, and the sand dust composition was simple, mainly composed of local sand sources. [Conclusion] The sediment transport on the leeward side of the natural P. euphratica riparian forest in the study area was lower than that of the windward side. Average particle size was smaller and sorting performance was better on the leeward side than on windward side. The average particle size smaller than that of the windward side, the sorting was better than that of the windward side, the kurtosis was narrower than that of windward side, and skewness is slightly smaller than that of the windward side. The P. euphratica riparian forest exhibited obvious windbreak and sand fixation benefits, and can be used as an effective measure to reduce the damage by wind and sand transport in the study area.

Abstract:[Objective] The temporal-spatial variation of soil moisture and its influencing factors for semi-arid alpine desert communities of Hippophae rhamnoides were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for the restoration of ecosystems of Qinghai Lake and semi-arid deserts. [Methods] H. rhamnoides plantations were taken as the research object. In the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021, vegetation investigation and soil sampling was carried out on the H. rhamnoides communities in the Ketu sandy land on the eastern shore of Qinghai Lake. Through the use of classical statistical methods, the vegetation characteristics of H. rhamnoides and the temporal-spatial changes of soil moisture in different dune geomorphic parts were comprehensively analyzed. [Results] ① In terms of vegetation growth, plant height of H. rhamnoides planted in 2008 (08SJ) was the tallest, followed by plant height in 1987 (87SJ). Plant height in 2015 (15SJ) was the shortest. Vegetation coverage followed the order of 87SJ>15SJ>08SJ. ② Soil moisture content of H. rhamnoides communities followed the order of 87SJ>08SJ>15SJ. Among these communities, the soil moisture contents of the H. rhamnoides planted in 1987 (87SJ) and the H. rhamnoides planted in 2015 (15SJ) were the highest on the windward slope, while the soil moisture content of the H. rhamnoides planted in 2008 (08SJ) reached the maximum value on the leeward slope; ③ Soil moisture content showed obvious seasonal variation, and the soil moisture content was the lowest in the vigorous growth period, and highest at the end of the growing season. ④ Soil moisture content was highest in the 0—20 cm soil layer, and changed little below a depth of 60 cm. [Conclusion] Vegetation distribution pattern, precipitation, and its seasonal changes were the main factors affecting the temporal-spatial variation of soil moisture under H. rhamnoides communities in a semi-arid alpine desert ecosystem.

Abstract:[Objective] The soil aggregates of Bingsugar orange orchards and the factors affecting them were characterized in order to reduce soil erosion and increase the water and fertility retention capacity of citrus orchards. [Methods] Soil samples were collected from weathered slate, weathered purple sandstone, sandstone, and weathered Quaternary laterite developed in a Bingsugar orange orchard. Related tillage and geographic information were collected simultaneously. ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed on the agglomerated data and their organic carbon contents using soil structural stability indexes R_0.25, GWD, MWD, fractal dimension (D), and soil erodibility K value. [Results] ① Agglomerates with particle sizes ＞0.25 mm accounted for 78%~85% of the total agglomerates. Graded soil content gradually decreased with decreasing agglomerate particle size. ② The GWD of the soils developed by the four matrices ranged from 0.536~0.797; MWD ranged from 0.890~1.208; fractal dimension (D) ranged from 2.434~2.480; and soil erodibility K value ranged from 0.060 8~0.0 697. ③ Organic carbon content decreased with increasing particle size and then increased, with an overall V-shaped distribution. Organic carbon content of the 0.250~0.053 mm microaggregates was the lowest. The relative contribution of organic carbon of large agglomerates was 82%~87%. ④ Soil structure stability indexes R_0.25, GWD, and MWD significantly increased with increasing number of planting years and the continuous input of exogenous organic carbon. Fractal dimension (D) and soil erodibility K values significantly decreased at the same time, indicating increasing soil structure stability. [Conclusion] Soil stability was high with high content of large agglomerates in a Bingsugar orange orchard in Hu’nan Province. The soil stability of each parent material was at the same level. Sand content of the soil-forming parent material and anthropogenic disturbance directly affected the role of agglomerate stability, exogenous organic carbon, and planting years. Latitude and altitude jointly influence soil stability by organic colloidal material. The sand content of the parent material and anthropogenic disturbance directly contribute to the stability of the aggregates. Exogenous organic carbon, age of cultivation, latitude and altitude combine to influence soil stability through the organic cementing material.

Abstract:[Objective] The reinforcing effects of Sophora japonica roots on soil at different water contents and different thawing times were studied in order to provide a design basis for the soil consolidation effect of Sophora japonica in the monsoon freeze zone. [Methods] The stress-strain and strength characteristics of the root-soil composite of the Sophora japonica root system were determined using the indoor triaxial test method. The shear strength index of the Sophora japonica root-soil composite was determined under different thawing times and different moisture contents. [Results] The reinforcing effect of the Sophora japonica root system at different water contents was most obvious at low and high water contents. The reinforcing effect of the Sophora japonica root system before and after freezing and thawing was reflected in the fact that the Sophora japonica root system bound the movement between soil particles when the soil received a load, increased the occlusion between soil particles, and increased the contact surface between the roots and soil particles, thus increasing the angle of internal friction. The electron microscope scanning test showed that the Sophora japonica root system inhibited the generation and development of cracks in the soil, thus increasing the integrity of the soil. [Conclusion] The Sophora japonica root system can result in a reinforcing effect in all areas. There are different optimal root contents for different water contents. The solidification effect of the Sophora japonica root system is reflected by the increase in internal friction angle of the soil body, increasing the structural integrity of the soil.

Abstract:[Objective] The effects of different long-term vegetation restoration types on differences of soil surface infiltration and water storage in the loess gully region of Western Shanxi Province were studied in order to screen and enhance the ecological benefits of natural vegetation restoration as well as artificial vegetation restoration in Loess Plateau in the future, thereby providing a scientific reference for an in-depth understanding of the ecological benefits of vegetation restoration. [Methods] We measured infiltration in the top 30 cm of soil under four types of restored vegetation (Pinus tabulaeformis pure forest, Robinia pseudoacacia pure forest, Platycladus orientalis pure forest, natural forest). We also measured soil physical and chemical properties such as soil bulk density and mechanical composition, and monitored soil moisture dynamics in the four types of restored vegetation in the loess hilly-gully region. We calculated soil water storage and analyzed differences due to vegetation type, and conducted correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Three soil infiltration models were then fitted to the measured processes in order to compare their suitability for use in vegetation restoration areas of the loess hilly-gully region. Differences in soil infiltration and water storage between different vegetation restoration types were also determined. We also evaluated the ability of the models to supplement and improve the surface soil water infiltration pattern under different vegetation restoration types in the Loess Plateau region. [Results] ① Natural forest was more effective in improving the physical properties of the 0—30 cm surface soil compared with pure planted forests. Natural forest had greater water content and better water retention, and planted forests were more effective in improving the infiltration capacity of the soil in the study area compared with natural forest. ② The stable infiltration rate of soil under different vegetation types from largest to smallest followed the order of natural forest ＞ Robinia pseudoacacia pure forest ＞ Pinus tabulaeformis pure forest ＞ Platycladus orientalis pure forest (for the 0—10 cm layer); Pinus tabulaeformis pure forest ＞ Robinia pseudoacacia pure forest ＞ Platycladus orientalis pure forest ＞ natural forest (for the 10—20 cm layer); Pinus tabulaeformis pure forest ＞ Robinia pseudoacacia pure forest ＞ Platycladus orientalis pure forest ＞ natural forest (for the 20—30 cm layer); ③ The Horton model performed better than the Kostiakov and Philip models in fitting soil infiltration in the study area (R²=0.94), and will be helpful in better understanding the soil infiltration pattern in the study area. ④ The main physical characteristics affecting soil infiltration rate were soil bulk density, soil organic carbon, soil water storage capacity and soil clay particle content. [Conclusion]There were significant differences in soil infiltration properties due to different long-term vegetation restoration types. Compared with long-term replanted forests, the long-term natural forest had greater vegetation restoration benefits, and could effectively improve soil quality and enhance soil water retention capacity for the Loess Plateau.

Abstract:[Objective] The spatial and temporal dynamic law and future change trend of groundwater level in Shanshan County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during 2011—2020 were studied in order to provide scientific support for the determination of groundwater overexploitation control and a groundwater level control index in this area. [Methods] The dynamic types of groundwater were divided by combining cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The spatio-temporal variation of groundwater level and its main driving factors were analyzed by time series analysis, geostatistics, and multivariate logistic regression model. The R/S analysis method was used to predict the future variation trend of groundwater level. [Results] ① Groundwater dynamic types were divided into exploitation type, runoff type, runoff-exploitation type, and evaporation type. The dominant type was exploitation type, accounting for 75% of cases. ② From 2015 to 2018, the groundwater level in the north basin changed from a downward trend to an upward trend. A downward trend was observed after 2018. The groundwater level in the south basin had been declining, and the rate of decline slowed significantly after 2015. ③ The main driving factors of groundwater level change in the north basin were groundwater exploitation and surface runoff, accounting for 68.46% and 28.37% of cases, respectively. The main driving factor in the south basin was groundwater exploitation, accounting for 89.74% of cases. ④ If the external environment is stable, it is expected that the groundwater level in Qiketai Town and the northern irrigation area of the south basin will continue to decline, the groundwater level in Pizhan Township will continue to rise, and the groundwater levels in other areas will show no obvious change. [Conclusion] Groundwater exploitation is the most important factor affecting the change of groundwater level. To control the decline of groundwater level, it will be necessary to further reduce groundwater overexploitation in areas with significant groundwater level declines.

Abstract:[Objective] The variation characteristics of 0—300 cm soil water content of urban garden green space in the Guanzhong area were studied to determine the variation characteristics of evapotranspiration and its components in an urban garden green space in order to provide a scientific basis for efficient urban water management. [Methods] We used Ginkgo biloba as an example, soil moisture of a garden green space with G. biloba as the main scenic tree was measured with a neutron moisture meter. The sap flow rates for G. biloba trunks of 24 and 29-year old trees was monitored with thermal diffusion probes in 2020. Soil evaporation between trees was measured with micro-evaporating dishes, and evapotranspiration and its components were calculated. [Results] The variation of 0—300 cm soil water content in the two green spaces was basically moderate. The transpiration range of 24-year old G. biloba green space was 0.24~9.06 mm/d, and transpiration accounted for 51.77%~71.92% of evapotranspiration. The respective ranges in the 29-year old green space were 0.46~19.76 mm/d and 64.45%~79.24%. [Conclusion] In an urban ecosystem, the largest component of evapotranspiration of G. biloba green space of different tree ages was transpiration, and transpiration accounted for the largest proportion from July to August. There was no obvious relationship between soil water environment change and tree age, and the correlation with tree evapotranspiration was weak.

Abstract:[Objective] The hydrological characteristics of typical forest litters and soil in Southwest Hubei Province were studied, and the water-holding capacity of different forest stands were analyzed and compared in order to provide a theoretical basis and scientific reference for selecting suitable afforestation species and creating reasonable soil and water conservation forests in the region. [Methods] The study was conducted for five typical forest stands in the national forest farm of Jinzi Mountain in Lichuan City. Field survey and sampling, the cutting ring method, and the indoor soaking method were used. The litter storage capacity, water-holding process, and water-holding capacity, as well as the water-holding capacity and infiltration process of the soil layer in each forest stand were compared and analyzed. [Results] ① Litter storage for the five forest stands followed the order of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation > deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest > Larix kaempferi plantation > Cryptomeria fortunei plantation > artificial plantation of Liriodendron chinense. The maximum water-holding capacity varied from 13.94 to 29.12 t/hm², which was consistent with the change of litter storage. ② The litter water-holding capacity and immersion time exhibited a logarithmic relationship. The water absorption rate and immersion time followed a power function relationship. ③ The maximum water-holding capacity of the 0—40 cm soil layer ranged from 277.02 to 334.12 t/hm², and followed the order of artificial plantation of Liriodendron chinense> deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest> Larix kaempferi plantation> Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation> Cryptomeria ortune plantation. The average infiltration rate varied from 6.89 to 22.30 mm/min. The steady infiltration time ranged from 18.40 to 25.73 min. The average infiltration rate of soil varied from 6.89 to 22 mm/min. The steady infiltration time ranged from 18.40 to 25.73 min. The best soil permeability was found in the artificial plantation of Liriodendron chinense, followed by the deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest. ④ From the analysis using the coordinate integrated assessment method, we observed the greatest comprehensive water-holding performance for the deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest. However, in terms of the water-holding performance of litter and soil, the Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and the artificial plantation of Liriodendron chinense, respectively, were the best. [Conclusion] For the litter layer, Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation had the best water-holding performance. For the soil layer, Liriodendron chinense plantation had the best water-holding performance. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of all indicators, the overall water-holding performance of broad-leaved mixed forest was the best. Therefore, in Southwest Hubei Province, we recommend adoption of a close-to-natural forest culture and management method, planting coniferous and broad-leaved species appropriately, and increasing the proportion of mixed forests so as to increase the hydrological benefits of litter, and to increase soil aeration and permeability, thereby maximizing the water-holding capacity of litter and soil under different forest stands.

Abstract:[Objective] The granularity characteristics of surface sediments in the Arexunula Desert in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were studied in order to understand the characteristics of surface sediments in the study area and the factors affecting the granularity distribution of sediments. [Methods] Granularity was divided into grains, granularity parameters, and fractal dimension of the surface sediments for the Arexunula Desert and sand dunes in Xinjiang were analyzed. [Results] ① The granularity size of surface sediments in the study area was 284.63 μm, with medium sand dominant, accounting for 48.93%. The skewness was -0.18, with a negative bias, close to the sand source. The transport medium had strong dynamics. The sorting coefficient was 1.10, and the sorting performance was excellent. The kurtosis value was 1.01, which was a normal peak state, and the sediment particles were evenly distributed. ② The skewness values of surface sediments of mobile sand dunes and semi-fixed sand dunes were -0.13 and -0.08, respectively, which indicated negative skewness and medium skewness, respectively, and there was a large amount of coarse gravel in both types of dunes. The sorting coefficients were 1.66 and 1.76, both of which were medium, and the sediment granularity distribution was relatively uniform. The kurtosis values were 1.10 and 1.12, respectively, which were normal and narrow peaks, indicating that the coarse-grained sediments of sand dunes were relatively concentrated in the desert. ③ The average granularity values of surface sediments from the bottom of the windward slope to the bottom of the leeward slope were 289.58, 310.44, 290.92, 277.64, 275.36, 310.34 and 306.68, 337.78, 290.36, 277.68 μm, respectively. The coarse-particle sediments of the two types of sand dunes were concentrated in the windward slope. The coarse particle sediment content of the semi-fixed dune windward slope was higher than that of the mobile dune windward slope, and the semi-fixed sand dune had stronger sand interception ability. The sorting coefficients of mobile sand dunes and semi-fixed sand dunes changed from the bottom of the windward slope to the bottom of the leeward slope. The former fluctuated greatly and showed a W-shape, and the latter changed little and was V-shaped. Shrub vegetation made the sorting coefficient change trend turn at the top of the dune. ④ The fractal dimension value of the grain size of desert surface sediments was 1.35, and the fractal dimension values of the particle size of semi-fixed sand dunes and mobile sand dunes were 1.59 and 1.34, respectively. The fluctuation intensity of fractal dimension affected the uniformity of sediment particle distribution, soil fertility, and vegetation growth. [Conclusion] The Arexunula Desert is close to the sand source, and the coarse-grained sediments of the dunes were relatively concentrated in the desert. Shrubland is one of the factors affecting the granularity distribution characteristics of surface sediments.

Abstract:[Objective] A nonlinear failure criterion of root-soil composites and the nonlinear characteristics of root-soil composites was studied combining with the strength of root-soil composites under three root content conditions (G=0.12%, 0.24%, and 0.36%) and three moisture content conditions (w=13.22%, 16.22%, and 19.22%). [Methods] The GDS triaxial apparatus was used to conduct consolidated-undrained triaxial tests to obtain the stress-strain curves and shear strength parameters of root-soil composites. [Results] Unreinforced soil and root-soil composite stress-strain curves exhibited characteristics of hardening. Additionally, moisture content was negatively correlated with the peak stress of rooted soil, while root content was positively correlated. Under the condition of G=0.36%, 70.1% was the maximum increase of peak strength of the root-soil composite. When w=13.22%, the peak strength of the root-soil composite increased by a maximum of 86.7%. The nonlinear failure criterion of root-soil composites was nonlinear when the normal stress was lower than the critical stress, and linear when the normal stress was higher than the critical stress. The key parameters that described the effect of roots in the nonlinear failure criterion were c and k. c had a positive correlation with root content and moisture content. The contribution of roots in rooted soil shear strength increased with increasing c. Moreover, k was positively correlated with root content and negatively correlated with moisture content. The smaller the value of k, the more obvious the nonlinear characteristic of the strength envelope of the root-soil composite. [Conclusion] The strength of root-soil composites is greatly influenced by root content and moisture content. The stress-strain relationship curves of both unreinforced soil and root-soil composite showed a hardening type, and the hardening degree of the root soil composite is significantly higher than that of unreinforced soil, indicating that the addition of roots can simultaneously increase the strength and stiffness of the soil.

Abstract:[Objective] The performance of microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) to stabilize aeolian sand soil was studied in order to providing a theoretical basis for MICP technology in stabilize aeolian sand soil and restoring ecology. [Methods] The microstructure of aeolian sand soil was analyzed by use of scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy on an aeolian sand soil stabilized with MICP. The test analyzed the basic physical properties and water retention of stabilized specimens. [Results] The aeolian sand soil treated with MICP had calcium carbonate crystals generated between the aeolian sand particles that cemented the sand particles together and solidified the loose aeolian sand into a whole with a certain strength. As curing time increased, the thickness, dry density, and calcium carbonate content of cured aeolian sand gradually increased, the permeability coefficient gradually decreased, the stabilized thickness increased from 3.38 mm to 11.28 mm, the dry density increased from 1.61 g/cm³ for the original sand to 2.05 g/cm³, the calcium carbonate content increased from 8.99% to 13.08%, and the permeability coefficient decreased from 1.06×10^-3 cm/s for the original sand to 2.35×10^-4 cm/s. When the number of curing treatments was not more than five times, the water retention rate increased with increasing number of curing treatments, and the water retention of the stabilized specimen increased. After more than five curing treatments, water retention decreased. [Conclusion] Aeolian sand soil stabilized by MICP technology can significantly improve the physical and mechanical properties and water retention of aeolian sand soil. Considering this stabilizing effect, water retention, and economics, the best stabilizing treatment time is three times. Thus, we can effectively prevent wind erosion, maintain soil moisture, and facilitate ecological restoration.

Abstract:[Objective] The influence of time variation of topsoil steady state infiltration rate (f_c) on water movement and solute transport in the soil profile was studied in order to provide theoretical support for the study of the hydrological cycle model in this region. [Methods] The study was conducted on typical land use types near the Loess Plateau Agricultural Ecological Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The f_c values for a corn field, an apple orchard, and a Robinia pseudoacacia forestland were collected from April to October 2021 using the double ring infiltrometer method. [Results] ① The maximum correlation distance of f_c spatial distribution was 7.12 m. ② There was a significant negative correlation between soil bulk density and f_c value, while there was no significant correlation between initial soil water content and f_c value (p＞0.05). ③ From April to May, the f_c value for each land use type increased. From June to October, the f_c value for each land use type changed differently with time: f_c value for the corn field increased first and then decreased, for the apple orchard increased, and for the Robinia pseudoacacia forestland increased first and then stabilized. Variance analysis showed that the f_c values for different land uses were significantly affected by time (p＜0.05). [Conclusion] Tillage, rainfall, root activity, and alternation of dry and wet soil and litter resulted in different temporal variations of f_c value under different land uses during the observation period.

Abstract:[Objective] The changes in plant community composition and vertical structure under natural restoration were studied in order to provide a reference for vegetation construction and high-quality development of the Loess Plateau. [Methods] Using the method of space instead of time, species composition and diversity characteristics of vegetation from abandoned cropland to top community in the Ziwuling forest area were investigated and analyzed. A vegetation vertical structure index was constructed to study the vertical structure of the vegetation community and its changing trend in the succession sequence. [Results] ① A total of 115 species of vegetation in 42 families, 98 genera, and 115 species appeared in the Ziwuling forest zrea, and a total of 32 families, 77 genera, and 88 species of vegetation appeared in the succession sequence. ② In succession, the species diversity index and richness index of the community showed a significant increasing trend, The diversity and richness index values were 0.901 and 1.702 at the beginning of the succession, and 1.998 and 2.665 at the end of the succession. The middle stage showed a unimodal trend, and the two indices were 2.21 and 3.05. The evenness index did not change significantly. ③ During the succession process, each tree factor showed an increasing trend. The DBH was 12.13 cm at the initial stage of succession and increased to 22.19 cm at the end; the crown width increased from 11.64 m² to 41.54 m²; and the tree biomass increased from 54.07 t/hm² to 175.13 t/hm². However, the indicators of shrubs did not change significantly during the succession process. Shrub biomass showed significant peaks in the middle of succession (highest value of 9.56 t/hm²), but showed a rapid fluctuation and declining trend in the subsequent succession process. At the end of succession, shrub biomass was only 1.82 t/hm². The thickness of the litter layer increased significantly when the shrub community was succeeded by the tree community, but the litter coverage was not significantly different between the succession stages. ④ The overall vertical structure index in the early stage of succession was low and similar, ranging from 0.086 to 0.104, and rapidly increased to 0.349 in the middle stage of succession, reaching a maximum value of 0.477 near the end of the succession. The vertical structure index of understory vegetation was highest in the middle of the succession (0.342), thereafter decreasing and tending to be stable at the end of succession (0.195~0.246). [Conclusion] With natural succession, species diversity and community richness significantly improved, and a single peak appeared in the middle of the succession. The overall vertical structure of the community became more complex, and the vertical structure of understory vegetation degraded during late succession.

Abstract:[Objective] An accurate acquisition method for ecological environmental monitoring data was studied to construct an evaluation index system of ecological environmental quality in order to provide a basis for precise protection of the ecological environment. [Methods] We used a variety of models and methods (such as the InVEST model, a bare soil vegetation index model, and a comprehensive index method) based on multi-source remote sensing image data. An eco-environmental quality index system was constructed that included four first-level indicators (ecosystem quality, ecosystem services, habitat pressure, and environmental quality) and 14 second-level indicators (such as vegetation cover, carbon sequestration capacity, road pressure index, and haze index) to analyze the ecological environmental quality of Fuping County, Hebei Province. [Results] ① The general and poor ecosystem quality areas were the most widely distributed, and were concentrated in the reservoir area in the east and in the middle and low mountain areas in the west. ② The areas with poor ecosystem services were the largest, and were concentrated in the central and eastern parts of the county. ③ The proportion of areas with poor habitat pressure was the highest, and the area was mainly unused land. ④ The area with good environmental quality was widely distributed over the entire region. ⑤ The eco-environmental quality in Fuping County was generally good, and the general quality area was widely distributed, accounting for 77.04% of the total area, comprised mainly of cultivated land, grassland, and unused land. [Conclusion] The ecological environmental monitoring and evaluation method based on spatial information technology and multi-source remote sensing data can quickly and effectively reflect the county eco-environmental quality.

Abstract:[Objective] The tilt photogrammetry of single landslide was carried out by a flexible light rotary-wing UAV in order to explore a method that can meet the needs of geological disaster investigation and assessment in loess region under complex terrain conditions. [Methods] The study was conducted for the Zhaojiaan landslide in Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province. Multi-view, high-overlapping, and high-resolution landslide images were obtained by using UAV tilt photogrammetry technology to generate a digital elevation model (DEM), a digital orthophoto map (DOM), and a real-world 3D model. Spatial geometric information of the landslide body was then acquired, and the Zhaojiaan landslide risk was evaluated by combining the analytic hierarchy procedure (AHP) and the hazard calculation method. [Results] ① By interpreting the high-resolution DEM, DOM, and multi-level real-world 3D model, the fine topographic and micro-geomorphic features of the landslide were extracted, thereby improving the accuracy of geological hazard interpretation and effectively reducing the labor intensity, time cost, and operational risk of manual geological hazard investigation; ② The hazard value (R) of the Zhaojiaan landslide was 0.635, designating it as a high hazard slope. It is therefore necessary to strengthen professional monitoring work. [Conclusion] The method of landslide investigation and risk assessment based on UAV tilt photogrammetry technology is especially suitable for landslide investigations in loess areas with steep valley slopes, deep river valleys, and sparse vegetation. This technology appears to be a promising method for risk assessment of single landslide hazards in loess areas.

Abstract:[Objective] The influences of barrier height (H), porosity (P), and row spacing (R) on the erosion protection of a vertical sunflower sand barrier were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the parameter configuration of a vertical sunflower stalk sand barrier and the development of a vertical sand barrier wind and sand control project. [Methods] Based on field observations of wind speed and sand transport, research on the variation characteristics of sand barrier roughness, windproof effect, and sand blocking effect under different parameter configurations was conducted. [Methods] ① The main windproof area of the sand barrier was 0—50 cm above the soil surface. Compared with the roughness of the bare dune sand barrier, the roughness was increased by 7.70—214.45 times, the windproof effect of each specification of sand barrier was in the range of 11.74%—59.45%, and the sand barrier effect was in the range of 33.06%—92.23%. ② The wind and sand barrier effect of the sand barrier increased with an increase in barrier height, and decreased with an increase in porosity and row spacing. The influence of barrier height on the wind protection effect was greater than the influence of porosity, and the influence of porosity on the sand barrier effect was greater than the influence of barrier height. ③ The windproof effect and sand barrier effect of H(30 cm)-P(40%)-R(2 m), H(30 cm)-P(50%)-R(1 m), H(40 cm)-P(40%)-R(2 m), H(40 cm)-P(50%)-R(2 m) reached 35% and 75%, respectively. [Conclusion] A vertical sunflower stalk sand barrier can effectively reduce wind speed and sand transport amount. Sand barrier parameters are the key to affecting the protective effect of a sand barrier. The most important parameters affecting the windproof effect and sand barrier effect of a sand barrier are barrier height and porosity.

Abstract:[Objective] The objective of this study was to determine the differences in ecological stoichiometric characteristics of leaves and soil for different tree species of different origins in a tropical coastal shelterbelt of Hainan Island in order to provide a theoretical reference for the ecological restoration of coastal shelterbelts. [Methods] The ecological stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, and P in the soil and leaves of four species (Casuarina equisetifolia, Vatica mangachapoi, Laguncularia racemosa, and Nypa fructicans) within 200 m of the coastline of Wanning City, Hainan Island, were investigated by sampling method. [Results] ① For both non-mangrove and mangrove plants, the C, N, and P contents of the leaves of native natural tree species were significantly greater than or equal to the C, N, and P contents of exotic artificial tree species. The C, N, and P contents of the leaves of Vatica mangachapoi were 457.04, 16.77, and 1.17 g/kg, respectively, all of which were significantly higher than the values observed for Casuarina equisetifolia. ② In terms of leaf nutrient change characteristics, the growth of water coconut and mangrove plants may be limited by N. However, the growth of casuarina and non-mangrove plants may be limited by P. ③ In terms of soil nutrient change characteristics, N was low and P was the main limiting element in woodland soil for the four tree species. [Conclusion] In the process of coastal ecological restoration, native natural forest species should be preferred as the dominant species for coastal protection forest planting.

Abstract:[Objective] The temporal and spatial variation characteristics and driving factors of vegetation in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020 were studied in order to provide scientific guidance for the construction of regional ecological civilization. [Methods] Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, we used the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data calculated from Landsat images from 2000 to 2020 combined with trend analysis, hot spot analysis, geographic detector model, and other methods to analyze the change pattern and driving factors of the annual maximum EVI (EVI_max) in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration. [Results] ① Annual EVI_max showed a significant upward trend in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020. Annual EVI_max values for the unchanged land use/cover types showed a fluctuating upward trend, among which the rate of increase for grassland was the largest. ② Spatially, the EVI_max values showed a decreasing trend from south to north, and the high-value areas were mainly located in the Qinling Mountains in the southern Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration. Trend analysis results showed that the areas where the annual EVI_max increased and decreased significantly accounted for 70.16% and 3.61%, respectively, of the total area. ③ The spatial agglomeration characteristics of annual EVI_max showed that the number of hot and cold spots showed a slight decrease and a significant downward trend, and the cold spots gradually transformed into sub-cold or sub-hot spots. ④ Precipitation was the most important factor affecting the spatial distribution of EVI_max in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration, and the interaction of each influencing factor was characterized as nonlinear enhancement or two-factor enhancement. [Conclusion] The vegetation of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration showed an overall upward trend from 2000 to 2020, and annual precipitation was an important factor that determined vegetation growth status.

Abstract:[Objective] The relationship between vegetation cover changes and extreme climate in Shandong Province was studied in order to provide a reference for regional vegetation ecological maintenance. [Methods] Based on the 1982—2021 long-term NDVI data set obtained from AVHRR-GIMMS NDVI interpolation of MODIS NDVI, the temporal and spatial changes of NDVI in Shandong Province were analyzed, and the daily data of 96 weather stations in the province were combined to study the response of NDVI to extreme climate. [Results] ① NDVI in Shandong Province and its subregions showed an overall strong and sustained upward trend, with an average growth rate of 0.013/10 yr (p＜0.001) for the entire province. NDVI was generally high in the west and low in the east, and high in the south and low in the north. On the spatial scale, the vegetation cover was mainly improved and basically unchanged in strong sustainability. ② On the whole, NDVI showed a significant positive correlation with annual and monthly extreme temperature and extreme precipitation indices; a significant negative correlation with the cold index; and no significant correlation with GSL and DTR. Western Shandong Plain was mainly affected by extreme temperature, and other subregions responded greatly to both extreme temperature and extreme precipitation. ③ The response of NDVI to extreme climate exhibited obvious hysteresis, and the hysteresis of extreme temperature was stronger than that of extreme precipitation. [Conclusion] The overall vegetation coverage in Shandong Province was developing in the direction of continuous improvement. NDVI exhibited an obvious response to extreme climate. Extreme high temperature and extreme precipitation promoted vegetation growth, while extreme low temperature mainly inhibited vegetation growth. There was a lag in the response of vegetation cover changes to extreme climates.

Abstract:[Objective] The factors influencing landslide potential of loess terraces and the associated landslide formation mechanisms were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of loess terrace landslides. [Methods] With data from the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform for Pengyang County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, we used the random forest algorithm to extract terrace distribution information in the study area. Based on the overlay analysis method, the high and extremely high susceptibility zones of potential loess terrace landslides in the study area were determined. Eight influencing factors were selected, and the certainty factor method was used for analysis. [Results] ① The terrace area in the study area accounted for 47.28% of the total area of the county. There were 86 potentially unstable slopes, and there were no deforming areas within the influence range of terraces. ② The high and extremely high susceptibility zones for potential landslides of loess terraces accounted for 46.68% of the total area of high and extremely high susceptibility zones in the study area (27.64% of the total area of terraces in the study area). ③ Rainfall, stratum lithology, gully density, and slope direction had strong controlling effects on the spatial distribution of potential landslides of loess terraces in the study area. [Conclusion] The main controlling factors for potential landslides of loess terraces in the study area were rainfall and stratum lithology, especially in the area where the annual rainfall was more than 450 mm and there were Quaternary stone loess with paleosol strata.

Abstract:[Objective] The ecological network of Natural Reserves in Lancang River basin, Yunnan Province was constructed in order to providing a scientific basis for the ecological security and protection of the basin. [Methods] We constructed a minimum accumulation resistance model of six ecological factors (distance from water, distance from town, vegetation coverage, land use, slope, and elevation). In this model, the city and county-level nature reserves were considered to be the ecological sources. The ecological network of the Lancang River basin was constructed as the least resistance path between different sources, identified as the potential ecological corridor to detect the ecological nodes and ecological fracture points. [Results] A total of 43 ecological sources in the Lancang River basin (mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the basin) were constructed by using the model, with 67 ecological corridors overlapping the main water system of the Lancang River by 59%. Twenty ecological nodes and 41 ecological breakpoints were identified in the ecological network, and these will be used in the optimization and restoration plan of the ecological network and the construction of regional roads in a later period. [Conclusion] According to the distribution characteristics of ecological source areas, ecological corridors, and ecological networks, the number of ecological source areas in the upper reaches of the Lancang River, Weiyuan River basin, and other related areas should be increased. At the same time, the quality of habitats along river banks in the Lancang River basin should also be improved through the use of ecological construction that considers ecological nodes and ecological breakpoints so as to form a complete ecological protection network, alleviate the problem of islanding, and promote the flow of species between ecological sources.

Abstract:[Objective] The changes and differences in landscape structure and network connectivity of ecological land in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province under different development scenarios in the future in order to provide a reference for environmental protection planning and project construction in Nanchang City. [Methods] Based on the PLUS model, the future ecological land use pattern of Nanchang City was predicted for multiple scenarios. Differences in landscape structure and network connectivity of ecological land in different regions and the structures of the city under different development intensities were studied from the perspectives of quantity and structure through landscape pattern index, morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), and network connectivity analysis. [Results] ① Under different development scenarios, the destruction of ecological land was mainly concentrated in Anyi County and Xinjian District; ② The fragmentation of grassland was very serious, and there was little difference in landscape structure under any development scenario. The difference in landscape index between forest land and water area was small under the ED and EP scenarios, showing strong resistance to medium and high intensity development; ③ Under different development scenarios, the difference in ecological core area was as high as 90.36 km². Ecological land with multiple types of uniform mixed structure can effectively suppress the generation of isolated islands and maintain regional ecological security; ④ Compared with 2020, under various scenarios, the equivalent possible connectivity index EC (PC) of Nanchang City decreased by 18.76%~23.24%, and the network connectivity in Xinjian District and Anyi County decreased significantly. [Conclusion] The ecological protection scenario (EP) development plan can effectively protect the ecological landscape structure and network security of Nanchang City, thereby ensuring the sustainable development of the city. At the same time, when carrying out ecological protection planning and restoration projects, priority should be given to the construction of new areas, Anyi County, and other fragile ecological landscape areas so as to better maintain the ecological security of Nanchang.

Abstract:[Objective] The dynamic changes and development of ecological vulnerability in the Songhua River basin were scientifically evaluated in order to provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and restoration in the area. [Methods] An index system was constructed from the perspectives of nature and humanity using the AHP-SPCA entropy model and a geo-information spectrum to dynamically evaluate and analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of ecological vulnerability of the study area from 2005 to 2020, The ecological status of the study area in 2025 was simulated and predicted by combining the analysis results with the CA-Markov model. [Results] ① Ecological vulnerability of the study area gradually decreased from east to west during 2005—2015, but in 2020, ecological vulnerability increased in the west. During the study period, the average ecological vulnerability was 3.006 8, which was in the moderately vulnerable state. ② The micro-potential, micro-mild, mild-moderate, moderate-mild spectrum types were the most prominent during the study period. ③ The kappa coefficient of the predicted value in 2020 was 0.81, indicating that the CA-Markov model was suitable for simulation prediction. The comprehensive index was predicted to be 3.265 9 in 2025, and the overall ecological vulnerability was rising. [Conclusion] The ecological vulnerability of the Songhua River basin has been rising over time, and the basin is facing the risk of ecological deterioration. It will be necessary to strengthen efforts to protect and manage the ecological environment.

Abstract:[Objective] Based on different models, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of rainfall erosivity in the middle reaches of the Yellow River were explored, in order to providing a reference basis for the assessment of soil erosion hazards and planning of soil and water conservation measures in this area. [Methods] Daily rainfall data from 1981 to 2020 for the middle reaches of the Yellow River was used to explore the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of rainfall and rainfall erosivity based on two rainfall erosivity models. [Results] Average annual rainfall in the middle reaches of the Yellow River was between 349.90 mm and 699.90 mm. Spatial variation followed a fluctuating decreasing trend from southeast to northwest. Temporal variation exhibited a multi-peak insignificant upward fluctuation that had a 2-year main cycle change feature. There were some similarities between the two models of rainfall erosivity from the interannual trend characteristics and periodicity in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. However, areas with greater rainfall exhibited greater differences in rainfall erosivity estimated by the two models. The average annual rainfall erosivity in the middle reaches of the Yellow River was 767.00~3 003.40 MJ·mm/(hm²·h), exhibiting a high monthly concentration (concentrated in July-August) and showing a single peak shape. [Conclusion] There were significant vertical spatial differences from annual average rainfall erosivity in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and there were spatial differences resulting from the influence of topography and landforms. The coefficient of variation in high-altitude areas was generally greater than in low-altitude areas. In the Qinling Mountains and the Guanzhong Plain in the southeast, the erosivity of rainfall decreased rapidly with increasing altitude. In in the northwest of the Loess Plateau region, the erosivity of rainfall increased gradually with increasing altitude. Therefore, in areas where erosivity of rainfall increases in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, appropriate measures should be taken to reduce the potential risk of soil erosion and to ensure the sustainable development of regional ecological security.

Abstract:[Objective] The impacts of a metal mine on the surrounding grassland were studied, and the ecological environment was evaluated using remote sensing technology as a significant aid to ecological restoration and environmental protection of mining areas. [Methods] The study was conducted at a desert-steppe gold mine located in an ecologically fragile area. Spatial and temporal dynamics of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the mine area were analyzed based on long time series remote sensing data to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the ecological quality of the study area using the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI). [Results] The impacted area of desert-steppe gold mining was determined as the area with a radius of 5 km outward from the mine boundary. There was a fluctuating increase in NDVI values in the mine and impact areas that varied with the duration of mining in the steppe from 2009 to 2021. The annual average value of NVDI within the mine area during the underground mining operation period was 51.9% higher than during the open pit mining operation period. In addition, the impact of open pit mining on vegetation in the study area was higher compared with underground mining. The RSEI values in the mining area and the impacted area initially increased, then decreased, and then stabilized, resulting in an overall non-significant increase. The spatial distribution of RSEI indicated that the areas with poor ecological environmental quality in the mine and impact areas were mainly the waste dump and surrounding area. [Conclusion] Gold mining influenced the surrounding desert grassland within a radius of 5 km from the mine. The ecological environment of the mine and the impacted area gradually improved through management efforts during mining. Ecological restoration and environmental management of the waste dump and the surrounding area should be strengthened during the process of mine ecological construction.

Abstract:[Objective] The spatial relationship between ecosystem service and residents’ well-being in a farming-pastoral zone was studied in order to determine the way in which ecosystem management could produce sustainable development of the social economy. [Methods] The spatial relationship and dynamic features of ecosystem service and residents’ well-being in fourteen counties (districts) in the Sanggan River basin (Shanxi section), a typical area of the farming-pastoral zone, in 2010, 2015, and 2020 were analyzed by using the entropy weight method and cluster analysis based on the modified equivalent factor method of ecosystem service value. [Results] ① From 2010 to 2020, both the per capita ecosystem service value and residents’ well-being in the Sanggan River basin (Shanxi section) showed an upward trend. The lower values of per capita ecosystem service occurred in the central and southwest part of the Sanggan River basin, while the high values of residents’ well-being were located in the southwest and northeast direction along the Sanggan River channel. ② The spatial correlation models of ecosystem service and residents’ well-being in the study area were: high service and high well-being, high service and low well-being, high service and medium well-being, low service and high well-being, low service and medium well-being, low service and low well-being, medium service and high well-being, medium service and medium well-being. From 2010 to 2020, the spatial correlation models of ecosystem services and residents’ well-being in the Sanggan River basin (Shanxi section) had changed mainly in the southwest and northeast direction. ③ The Sanggan River basin (Shanxi section) could improve regional ecosystem services and residents’ well-being by promoting the transformation and development of resource-based economy and strengthening the protection and restoration of land space ecology. [Conclusion] From 2010 to 2020, the value of ecosystem services and the well-being of residents in the Sanggan River basin have shown an increasing trend, and their spatial correlation patterns show obvious spatial differentiation.

Abstract:[Objective] The water resource carrying capacity of Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, was studied in order to provide a scientific reference for the development and utilization of water resources and regional coordinated development. [Methods] An evaluation system was constructed from the perspective of water-economy-society-ecology. Analytic hierarchy process, entropy, and TOPSIS methods were used to evaluate the carrying capacity of water resources in Yulin City. Coupled coordination degree and obstacle degree models were introduced to analyze the regional coordinated development level and the main obstacles to carrying capacity. Evolution analysis and prediction of carrying capacity were conducted based on development planning. [Results] The water resource carrying capacity indices of all districts and counties in Yulin City were at medium and weak levels, while the development of Yuyang District, Shenmu County, and Dingbian County were not coordinated. High population density and high agricultural water consumption were the main obstacles to increasing carrying capacity in Yuyang District. Ecological environment water demand was the main obstacle factor in Shenmu County. Weak water resources background, low availability, and soil erosion were the main obstacles limiting the carrying capacity of eastern counties. The overall regional water resource carrying capacity in 2020 has increased since 2016. Under future economic and social development and the implementation of water diversion projects, the water resource carrying capacity indices of Yuyang District, Shenmu County, Fugu County, and Hengshan County are expected to increase, while the water resource carrying capacity indices of other districts and counties are expected to weaken because of economic and social development and other factors. [Conclusion] Water resource carrying capacity and regional coordinated development in Yulin City are somewhat fragile and unbalanced. Therefore, it is necessary to further adjust the water use structure, optimize the allocation of water resources, and make coordinated plans to protect the water-food-safety-ecological resources.

Abstract:[Objective] The factors affecting landscape ecological risk in karst watersheds were determined in order to formulate ecological risk prevention and control measures and landscape management planning in mountain watersheds. [Methods] This study was conducted in the Guizhou section of the Hongshui River basin (a typical karst basin). The study utilized the perspective of “productive-living-ecological” space, and used GIS spatial analysis, landscape ecological risk index, and other methods to explore the temporal and spatial change mechanism of landscape ecological risk in the study area. The relationship between the temporal and spatial distributions of landscape ecological risk and topography was analyzed by means of the distribution index method. [Results] ① Since 2000, land use transformation based on the productive-living-ecological space in the Hongshui River basin was characterized by a reduction in the production and ecological space and a rapid increase in the living space. The contribution rates of regional landscape ecological risk changes caused by the transfer of different land use types were different. ② During the period from 2000 to 2020, the overall landscape ecological risk showed a moderate trend, and the landscape ecological risk in the southern part of the Hongshui River basin was generally better than in the northern part. ③ From the distribution of landscape ecological risk on the terrain gradient, the degree of landscape ecological risk was inversely proportional to the terrain gradient. In addition, the landscape ecological risk in the non-karst area and pure karst area was lower than that in the subkarst area. [Conclusion] Although the landscape ecological risk in the Hongshui River basin has improved, some landscape ecological problems are still prominent, and it will be necessary to strengthen the management and protection of the ecological environment.

Abstract:[Objective] The usefulness of watershed ecological compensation standards for obtaining the value of ecological products was studied in order to provide theoretical support for effective construction of ecological watershed environments. [Methods] The study was conducted at the Nandu River basin in Hainan Province. The InVEST model and ArcGIS were combined to assess the major ecosystem services within the Nandu River basin based on the concepts of ecological damage compensation and ecological protection compensation. The ecological compensation standard was calculated from the perspective of changes in ecosystem services. [Results] ① Between 2015 and 2020, there was clear spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem services within the Nandu River basin, with higher capacity for water conservation services, sediment retention services, and water purification services in the middle and upper reaches of the Nandu River basin, and lower capacity in the lower reaches of the basin. ② Between 2015 and 2020, the value of water conservation services in the watershed ranged from 2.05×10¹⁰ yuan to 2.61×10¹⁰ yuan; the value of sediment retention services ranged from 1.91×10⁹ yuan to 20.39×10⁸ yuan; and the value of water purification services ranged from 3.78×10⁷ yuan to 3.23×10⁷ yuan. The value of the volume of change in water conservation services ranged from 1.15×10⁹ yuan to 2.73×10⁹ yuan; the value of the volume of change in sediment retention services ranged from 1.34×10⁷ yuan to 1.04×10⁸ yuan; and the value of the volume of change in water purification services ranged from 7.99×10⁴ yuan to 4.01×10⁶ yuan. ③ Based on the values of the three service functions, the ecological compensation standard for the Nandu River basin was 9.06×10⁹ yuan, and the annual ecological compensation standard ranged from 1.18×10⁹ yuan to 2.82×10¹⁰ yuan. [Conclusion] During 2015—2020, the value of ecosystem services in the Nandu River basin ranged from 2.25×10¹⁰ yuan to 2.82×10¹⁰ yuan. Between 2016 and 2020, the ecological compensation rate at the Nandu River basin ranged from 1.18×10⁹ yuan to 2.84×10⁹ yuan. The upper and middle reaches of the Nandu River basin were the core areas providing integrated ecosystem services.

Abstract:[Objective] The dynamic changes of ecological environmental quality in different sub-basins of the Yangtze River from 2001 to 2021, and the impact of different driving factors on it were determined in order to provide a theoretical basis for the coordinated development of an ecological environmental protection strategy and an economic development strategy for the Yangtze River basin. [Methods] Based on MODIS data, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) of the Yangtze River basin from May to November (2001 to 2021) was extracted. The dynamics and driving factors of ecological environmental quality in the Yangtze River basin during the past 21 years were analyzed based on RSEI values. [Results] ① The ecological quality of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin was higher than the ecological quality of the upper reaches. The ecological quality in the south was higher than in the north. Except for 2006, more than 80% of the study area had ecological quality above the middle level, and the overall ecological level was classified as good. ② The overall change in ecological environmental quality was classified as stable, and the regions with an upward trend in quality included the Wujiang River, the Taihu Lake water system, Yibin to Yichang section, Yibin to Hukou section, and the Jinsha River basin. ③ The main driving factor of RSEI change was the humidity index, followed by temperature indicators. ④ Ecological environmental quality was greatly affected by wind speed. Rising temperatures will lead to deterioration of the ecological environmental quality in the Yangtze River basin, but the temperatures in the Jinsha River basin, Poyang Lake basin, Jialing River basin, and Hukou and the lower main stream areas were conducive to improvement of ecological environmental quality. ⑤ Increasing precipitation was conducive to improvement of ecological environmental quality in most areas. [Conclusion] The overall ecological environmental quality of the Yangtze River basin has not changed during the past 21 years, but the ecological degradation of the Jialing River basin needs to be given attention by the government, and a series of ecological restoration measures should be put forward as soon as possible to prevent further deterioration of the ecological environment.

Abstract:[Objective] The degree of coordinated development of ecological and economic systems in Shanxi Province and the factors influencing that development was determined in order to provide theoretical support and a scientific reference for promoting coordinated and high-quality ecological and economic development in the region. [Methods] Based on land use data of five periods from 2000 to 2020, we used the modified ecosystem service equivalent factor per unit area, combined with an ecosystem service value (ESV) assessment model, an ecological-economic coordination degree model, and a geographic probe and spatial analysis method to conduct a comprehensive study of ESV, economic development, and ecological-economic coordination degree in Shanxi Province. [Results] ESV in Shanxi Province from 2000 to 2020 decreased from RMB 324.173 billion to RMB 318.970 billion, showing a dynamic change characteristic of first increasing and then decreasing, except for the continued increase of forest land ESV. ESV for all other land use types decreased to different degrees, among which arable land decreased the most (5.42%). The ESV spatial distribution pattern was relatively stable, with high value areas located in mountainous areas such as the Taihang Mountains, the Taiyue Mountains, and the Luliang Mountains, and low value areas located in areas with intensive human activities such as the Taiyuan Basin, the Changzhi Basin, the Linfen Basin, and the Yuncheng Basin. The range has expanded over time. NDVI and urbanization rate had a greater influence on the coordination degree than GDP, population density, industrialization rate, and land development intensity. The remaining factors had a smaller influence on the coordination degree. The degree of influence of other factors on the coordination degree of eco-economic system was smaller, and the degree of influence of socio-economic factors on the coordination degree of the eco-economic system was significantly larger than that of natural environmental factors. [Conclusion] Human socio-economic activities were the key factors affecting the coordination degree of the eco-economic system. The rational development and effective utilization of regional water and soil resources were the key to understanding the coordinated and sustainable development of the eco-economic system in Shanxi Province.

Abstract:[Objective] The ecological environmental changes of Zhoushan Island from 2000 to 2020 were dynamically monitored and evaluated in order o provide a scientific reference for the evaluation of the ecological quality of similar island areas. [Methods] Remote sensing images of Zhoushan Island in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 were selected on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Wetness, greenness, heat, and dryness were extracted for coupling, and the remote sensing environmental index (RSEI) was obtained. The principal component analysis method was then used to evaluate changes in the quality of the ecological environment of Zhoushan Island. [Results] ① The mean values of RSEI on Zhoushan Island at the five time points were 0.631 2, 0.637 5, 0.611 6, 0.550 3, and 0.502 4, respectively, with a total decrease of 20.41% over the study period. ② The ecological quality of Zhoushan Island exhibited a downward trend over time, with the area of the island having excellent and good ecological quality decreasing by 24.39%, and the area with poor and poorer quality increasing by 19.82%. ③ During the study period, human development activities on Zhoushan Island have increased significantly, land use types have changed, and climate change and human activities have combined to degrade the ecological environment of Zhoushan Island. [Conclusion] RSEI was effectively used to monitor and evaluate the ecological environmental quality of the island. The ecological environmental quality of Zhoushan Island was relatively stable during the early part of the study period, but there was an obvious decline in environmental quality during the later part of the study period, with a total decrease of about 20.41% during the study period.

Abstract:[Objective] The ecological sensitivity of the the Nyang River basin in Tibet (a typical ecologically fragile plateau area) under land use changes during 1995—2020 was studied in order to provide theoretical references for land use planning and ecological environment protection in the watershed. [Methods] We calculated the watershed land use intensity index and the ecosystem service value to construct the land use change. The ecological sensitivity index was based on the temporal and spatial changes of the land use intensity index and the ecosystem service value in each sub-basin. The spatial distribution of ecological sensitivity in the Nyang River basin was obtained using GIS spatial analysis technology. [Results] The areas of woodland and construction land in the Nyang River basin increased from 1995 to 2020, while the unused land area and water area declined. The land use intensity index increased from 1.725 5 to 1.725 9, and the ecosystem service value of land use decreased about 30 million yuan. The areas exhibiting increasing intensity index were located in the downstream basin. The ecological sensitivity index of the basin increased from 0.3 to 9.4. The middle and high sensitive areas of the basin were mainly located in the middle and lower reaches. The extent of the high sensitive areas was increasing. [Conclusion] The change in regional ecological sensitivity for the watershed was determined by the direction of transfer and flow between land use types. Overall, the ecological sensitivity of the basin has responded more significantly to land use changes in the ecosystem over the last 25 years, with a deteriorating trend in the middle and lower reaches.

Abstract:[Objective] The driving factors and interaction of dynamic changes ecological environmental quality in the Minjiang River basin were studied in order to provide theoretical support for improving the quality of the ecological environment and for realizing human and natural development. [Methods] MODIS remote sensing data were obtained from 2001 to 2020 to calculate the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) of the Minjiang River basin based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The spatio-temporal changes in ecological environmental quality for the Minjiang River basin were studied in combination with trend analysis, and the driving factors of RSEI were identified by geographical detectors. [Results] ① The average contribution rate of the first principal component of the four ecological indicators reached 69.01% in the RSEI calculation results, indicating that RSEI could fully reflect the ecological environmental quality of the Minjiang River basin. ② The ecological environment of the Minjiang River basin was in the good quality category, and exhibited improvement over time. From 2001 to 2020, the average RSEI of the Minjiang River basin increased from 0.618 to 0.701. The proportion of area with excellent and good ecological environmental quality increased by 19.16%, and the regional ecological environmental quality improved for 90.28% of the area of the Minjiang River basin. [Conclusion] The ecological environmental quality of the Minjiang River basin was jointly affected by multiple factors, among which altitude and nighttime light were the main influencing factors and driving forces with a high degree of explanation. The interaction between factors will increase the impact on ecological environmental quality.

Abstract:[Objective] The effects of science and technology innovation on the ecological environment under geospatial constraints were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis and policy inspiration to promote ecological environmental protection. [Methods] We used survey data from 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020 with ArcGIS, Geoda, and Stata15.1 software along with an exploratory spatial data analysis method and a spatial measurement model to investigate the spatial correlation and influence effect of science and technology innovation on the ecological environment at the global and local scales. [Results] ① The ecological environmental quality and the level of science and technology innovation in Anhui Province have been steadily increasing each year. The ecological environment showed the spatial characteristics of “high in Southern Anhui Province, medium in Central Anhui Province, and low in Northern Anhui Province”. Science and technology innovation radiated most from Hefei and Wuhu City. ② The impact of science and technology innovation on the ecological environment showed a negative effect in Southern Anhui Province, and a direct positive effect and spatial spillover effect in Central and Northern Anhui Province. ③ From the perspective of Anhui Province as a whole, the degree of influence of science and technology innovation elements on the ecological environment followed the order of science and technology innovation environment ＞ science and technology innovation output ＞ science and technology innovation input, but with heterogeneous characteristics in different regions. [Conclusion] To carry out ecological environmental protection, it will be necessary to adjust measures to local conditions, determine the direction and focus of scientific and technological innovation and ecological environmental protection in various regions, highlight local advantages, and give attention to the role of radiation in the field.

Abstract:[Objective] The objective of this study was to determine how the response relationship between urban riparian land use and water quality changes due to different drainage systems and riparian buffers in order to provide a practical reference for the planning and development of urban riparian zones resulting in improved water environment and ecological restoration. [Methods] We used redundancy analysis and the ecological landscape pattern method with water quality and land use data from Suzhou Creek in Shanghai in 2018 to quantitatively determine the response of river water quality to land use change for different drainage systems and different widths of riparian buffer zones. [Results] ① Land use structure and water quality of the Suzhou Creek riparian area showed obvious spatial and temporal differences between the self-drainage area and the sewer-drainage area. Water quality during the flood season (April-October) was worse than during the non-flood season, and water quality in the self-drainage area was generally better than in the sewer-drainage area. ② Landscape patch density of the water area and agricultural land in the riparian zone of the self-drainage area significantly affected the variation of water quality in the 100—600 m buffer width. ③ Proportion and patch dominance of ecological land significantly affected the variation of water quality in the riparian zone of the sewer-drainage area, and impacted water quality in a range of 100—1 200 meters of the riparian buffer width. ④ Land use accounted for the greatest amount water quality change (56.9%) in the buffer width of the 1 200 m riparian zone in the sewer-drainage area. The explanatory ability of the sewer-drainage area (44.1%—56.9%) was generally higher than that of the self-drainage area (31.1%—52.8%). [Conclusion] There were significant spatial differences in the key variables that influenced the relationship between riparian land use and water quality in the self-drainage area and the sewer-drainage area. In addition, landscape pattern showed a more intensive influence and a larger effect on the variation of water quality in the sewer-drainage area of the riparian zone.

Abstract:[Objective] The ecological security situation of a underground coal mining area in Datong City, Shanxi Province was comprehensively evaluated in order to provide a scientific basis for the ecological protection of the underground coal mining area. [Methods] Based on various indicators from the mining area from 2017 to 2021, an ecological security evaluation index system was constructed based on the three aspects of the PSR model (pressure, state, and response). The combined weight coefficient was determined by the cooperative game method, and the extension cloud model was used to analyze the ecological security situation of the mining area. [Results] Under the pressure index, the evaluation grade of natural population growth rate (C₂) was level Ⅲ, indicating that the birth rate and death rate were not evenly distributed, and the evaluation grades of other indicators were all at level Ⅱ. Under the state index, the evaluation grade of vegetation coverage rate (C₈) was at level Ⅰ, indicating that the coal mine area had a high vegetation coverage rate. The evaluation grade of tailings pond drainage measures (C₉) was at level Ⅲ, having reached the unsafe level. The evaluation grades of other indicators were at level Ⅱ. Under the response indicators, the comprehensive utilization rate of waste (C₁₅) and the growth rate of scientific research investment (C₂₀) were at level Ⅱ. The growth rate of environmental protection investment (C₁₉) was at level Ⅲ, and the evaluation grades of other indicators were at level Ⅰ. [Conclusion] From 2017 to 2021, the response to ecological security of this underground coal mining area had significantly enhanced, but the ecological pressure and the current state were still severe. Targeted protection measures should be taken to maintain the local ecological security.

Abstract:[Objective] The dynamic change characteristics of the soil conservation ecological service function in the Yiluo River basin in He’nan Province were determined in order to provide a reference for soil and water conservation and ecological management construction in the basin. [Methods] The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) and statistical methods were used to analyze the dynamic change characteristics and influencing factors of the soil conservation function in the Yiluo River basin from 2010 to 2020. [Results] ① The soil conservation function for the Yiluo River basin decreased from 2010 to 2020. The spatial distribution pattern was basically the same, and the overall distribution pattern was high in the southwest and low in the northeast of the study area during the ten years. ② The soil conservation functions of different ecosystem types were quite different. From 2010 to 2020, the total amount of soil conservation in the forest and shrub ecosystems was relatively high. The area of the farming ecosystem was the largest, but the soil conservation function was weak. ③ The role of the soil conservation function increased as altitude and slope increased. ④ The spatial differences of soil conservation functions in the Yiluo River basin from 2010 to 2020 were mainly controlled by topographic factors, and the temporal changes were mainly affected by rainfall erosivity. [Conclusion] Greater attention should be given to maintaining forest and shrub ecosystems with strong soil conservation functions, and strengthening the soil and water conservation measures of farmland ecosystems so as to improve the soil conservation function and the ecological security of the Yiluo River basin.

Abstract:[Objective] The temporal and spatial characteristics and coupling coordination relationship of the productive-living-ecological function of land space for the ecological corridor of the Yangtze-Huaihe River were studied in order to provide a scientific reference for the future high-level development. [Methods] According to the factors affecting the productive-living-ecological function, an evaluation index system was constructed. The function was evaluated by the entropy method, and the coupling coordination degree model was used to analyze the coupling coordination. [Results] ① From 2010 to 2020, the score of the land space function in the ecological corridor of the Yangtze-Huaihe River increased rapidly from low level to high level. With the rapid growth of the production function, the living function exhibited a pattern of growth-decline-growth, and the ecological function exhibited a pattern of decline-recovery. The spatial distribution of the function was relatively balanced. ② The coupling index and the development index indicated rapid and sustained growth, and the coupling index growth rate was relatively fast. ③ The coupling coordination degree showed a rapid growth trend over time. It has developed from basic coordination and mild coordination to high coordination and higher coordination. Spatially, it has developed from a certain differentiation to a more balanced state. [Conclusion] From 2010 to 2020, the productive-living-ecological function of the Yangtze-Huaihe River ecological corridor increased rapidly, and the degree of coupling and coordination of the function evolved from mild coordination to high coordination. The cities in the area have developed from having large functional differences to exhibiting symbiotic integration and orderly development. The main factors affecting the function are the living function and ecological function indicators, indicating gradual improvement in the quality of life functions and the level of ecological functions. It will still be necessary to maintain a high-level development path so as to reach the stage of high coupling-advanced development-high coordination in the future.

Abstract:[Objective] The characteristics of land use transformation of Gaoxigou village, Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province, an ecological demonstration village under the rapid development of urbanization were studied in order to provide reference for the sustainable development of rural productive-living-ecological space in the Loess Plateau region of Northern Shaanxi Province. [Methods] The dynamic attitude of land use and land use transfer matrix were used to analyze the spatial characteristics of productive-living-ecological space at Gaoxigou village from 1953 to 2022. Combined with field research, the spatial pattern evolution characteristics and corresponding spatial governance optimization strategies were analyzed. [Results] ① from 1953 to 2022, the production space of Gaoxigou village decreased, while the living space and ecological space increased. From 1953 to 1973, the ecological space changed the most, the green space increased from 12.07 hm² to 100.33 hm², the other ecological space decreased from 12.07 hm² to 100.33 hm², and the production space gradually decreased from 145.67 hm² to 110.07 hm². From 1986 to 2022, the production space decreased by 42.4 hm², the living space increased by 5 hm², and the ecological space increased by 37.39 hm². ② From 1986 to 2022, the transformation of productive-living-ecological space at Gaoxigou village reflected in the increase of green space and rural living space, and the decrease of agricultural production space, other ecological space and water ecological space. There were 67.83 hm² of agricultural production space and 59.95 hm² of other ecological space transformed into green space, and part of green space ecological space transformed into agricultural production space and rural living space, with the transfer area of 21.20 hm² and 3.22 hm², respectively. ③ To solve the problem of insufficient production space efficiency, Gaoxigou village adopt the measures to change the cultivation method of wide planting and low harvest, greatly increase the grain yield, change the single agricultural production situation, and realize the coexistence of multiple business modes; In response to the low quality of living space, Gaoxigou village had taken measures to strengthen infrastructure, build new homes, and encourage young people to go out and engage in other industries. In view of the serious damage to ecological space, measures have been taken to control soil erosion, return farmland to forest or grassland, build tourism culture and promote ecological scenery. [Conclusion] According to the main problems of early productive-living-ecological space, Gaoxigou village made appropriate optimization strategies to improve the utilization rate of land, expand the area of forest and grass, so that the green ecological space reached 80%. The efficient development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, and the overall improvement of production, life and ecology make Gaoxigou village an ecological demonstration representative of the loess hilly region.

Abstract:[Objective] The rural revitalization performance evaluation index system was constructed based on five dimensions: thriving businesses, pleasant living environments, social etiquette and civility, effective governance, and prosperity, in order to provide references for comprehensive evaluation of rural revitalization performance. [Methods] Rural revitalization performance in Fujian Province was evaluated by applying the entire-array-polygon synthesis illustration model from 2011—2020. [Results] The thriving businesses index for the 12th Five-Year Plan period was better than that of the 13th Five-Year Plan period (p＜0.05). In contrast, the social etiquette and civility index for the 12th Five-Year Plan period was lower than that of the 13th Five-Year Plan period (p＞0.05). Performance indexes for pleasant living environments, effective governance, and prosperity for the 13th Five-Year Plan period were at a high level, and the performance level was better than that of the 12th Five-Year Plan period (p＜0.01). From 2011 to 2020, the comprehensive evaluation index of rural revitalization performance in Fujian Province ranged from 0.001 to 1.458, showing an N-shaped trend of up-down-up. The performance level from 2011 to 2015 was lower than the level observed from 2016 to 2020 (p＜0.05). [Conclusion] Rural revitalization performance in Fujian Province during the study period decreased following the year order of 2020 > 2019 > 2018 > 2015 > 2016 > 2017 < 2014 > 2013 > 2012 > 2011. Rural revitalization performance in Fujian Province was relatively higher from 2018 to 2020. In the process of promoting rural revitalization strategy, people should refine the performance evaluation index system and construct a rural revitalization performance evaluation system based on the actual situation of each city.

Abstract:[Objective] The effects of the driving factors of rural green development were comprehensively determined in order to provide theoretical guidance for achieving overall green rural revitalization, and for economic and social development. [Methods] An evaluation index system for rural green development was established, and then the rural green development indexes of prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province from 2010 to 2020 were quantitatively analyzed using the principal component analysis method. A regression model was then constructed to investigate the effects of driving factors. [Results] ① The average level of rural green development in Anhui Province has been steadily increasing from 42.51 to 79.41 (annual increase of 8.68%). The average annual growth rate of the rural green development indexes in prefecture-level cities was between 5.71% and 10.94%, with that of Bengbu City increasing the fastest and Ma’anshan City increasing the slowest. ② The influencing effect of various driving factors in the province followed the order of industrial structure (0.065 1)＞economy (0.050 3)＞technology (0.041 0)＞population (0.033 1)＞policy (0.031 2)＞development status (0.017 6). ③ The effects in Northern Anhui were far more significant than the effects in Central and Southern Anhui. The first driving factor was industrial structure in Northern Anhui. The first driving factor was the economy in Central and Southern Anhui. The second and third driving factors were technology and population, respectively. The intensity of urban development was positively correlated with rural green development in Northern and Central Anhui, but negatively correlated with rural green development in Southern Anhui. [Conclusion] In order to promote rural green development, Anhui Province should utilize ecological advantages resulting from regional characteristics, pursue scientific and technological innovation, further optimize the industrial structure layout, accelerate the construction of new urbanization.

Abstract:[Objective] The spatiotemporal interactive coupling characteristics between mountainous urbanization and ecosystem health, and the complex relationship between ecosystem health and urbanization were studied to provide a scientific basis for the scientific management and sustainable development of urban areas in the region. [Methods] The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of urbanization and ecosystem health subsystems were analyzed for Chongqing City (a mountainous city) from 2000 to 2020 using the entropy value method and the vigor-organizational-resilience-service (V-O-R-S) model to determine the mechanism of the interactive coupling relationship between urbanization and ecosystem health subsystems. [Results] ① The comprehensive urbanization level in Chongqing City from 2000 to 2020 increased year by year. However, there was still a problem of uneven spatial development, and both the core zone and the low-value area were significantly affected by topographic relief. ② The ecosystem health index from 2000 to 2020 was moderate. The ecosystem health of the regions with rapid urbanization deteriorated significantly, while the ecosystem health of Southeast Chongqing and Northeast Chongqing with higher vegetation cover was good. [Conclusion] The interactive coupling between urbanization and ecosystem health subsystems was on the rise, but has not yet reached a highly coordinated stage, and contradictions still exist. To achieve high-quality and sustainable development in Chongqing City, it will still be necessary to take the green development path and solve the problem of spatial and temporal inequality.

Abstract:[Objective] The value of ecological products from the perspectives of ecology and economy was studied with incorporate ecological benefits into cost-benefit analysis, in order to provide decision-making basis for ecological poverty alleviation work in relevant regions. [Methods] We used data from farmland returned to tea and walnut forests in Anhui and Sichuan Province, respectively. We used soil and water conservation (SWC) as the major product of GTGP. The universal soil loss equation was employed to quantify the amounts and values of SWC, and then these SWS values were incorporated as a part of the income in the economic analysis that we conducted. [Results] ① Compared with bare land, tea and walnut forests effectively reduced soil erosion, and the cumulative erosion reduction in 20 years was 30 600 t and 212 000 t, respectively; ② The soil and water conservation values per unit area of tea and walnut were 681.0 and 1 285.5 yuan/(ha·yr), respectively. After incorporating these values into the economic analysis, the average net income was 61.3 and 1.293 million yuan/yr, respectively. The average annual net income per unit area of tea and walnut was 184,300 and 97,500 yuan/ha respectively; ③ The GTGP subsidy standard had little impact on net income. After the subsidy standard for returning farmland to forest was doubled, the simulated net income value (NPV) only dropped by 2.1% and 4.6%, respectively, while simulated NPV dropped 68.1% and 77.1%, respectively, if tea and walnut prices decreased by 50%; ④ The ecological benefits of tea forest and walnut forest accounted for 4.4% and 6.8%, respectively, of the cost, with the highest proportion reaching 11.9%. [Conclusion] The ecological benefits of economic forests can offset part of the costs, and should be included in the calculation of net income value so that the value of ecological products can be accounted for.

Abstract:[Objective] The level and coordination of spatial and temporal characteristics of land ecological security and rural revitalization and development in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2010 to 2020 were studied in order to promote land ecological security protection and to improve the level of rural revitalization and development, resulting in coordinated development of both factors. [Methods] We analyzed data from 14 cities in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to build an index system. The comprehensive measurement level and coupling coordination model were used for analysis. [Results] ① The level of land ecological security increased over time. ② The overall development level of rural revitalization initially declined and then increased, but the development level of each city was different. ③ The coordination degree changed in the form of “uneven rise and fall”. The level of coordination degree was distributed in a trend of gradual increase from east and west to the central region, from inland to the coast, and from the central region to the north. The development pattern was “low from east to west, high from south to north”. ④ Different development modes and development centers should be adopted according to the regional types of the 14 cities. [Conclusion] Coordinated development of land ecological security and rural revitalization in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has not been stable. In the future, we should strengthen the integrated development of land ecological security and rural revitalization in low-level coordination areas, and combine them with policies, people’s livelihood, and development promotion measures to improve the coordination level between the two factors. At the same time, we should stabilize the coordinated development between the two factors in mature areas to prevent loss of existing coordinated development.