The Daliushu Dam on the upstream of Yellow river will play an important role in rational utilization of water and land resources and improving the survival conditions for local people. But the environmental problems caused by the dam must be pay more attention. Using a Person Land model, the population stress of engineering immigrants on land are calculated. The results show that the population pressure on land increases by 3.9 times after the immigrants enter. The building activities of settlement and traffic facility and land exploitation and utilization may induce land desertification and hence, the area of deserted land rises. So it is necessary to take measures for reducing land pressure and preventing land desertification early.