Yongding River was selected as the research object. In view of the characteristics of the river , rele-vant data were collected and processed and a basic database for the research area was built. With the applica-tion of the indicator system of risk assessment,principles for the deep analysis of the natural characteristics were established. Based on the principles,vegetation coverage,land use types,organic matter content,and soil types were selected as the factors which affect aeolian erosion and assessment indexes were established.In the last step,research on risk degree assessment of soil erosion by wind in Yongding River basin was con-ducted to define the distribution of risk degree of soil erosion by wind and a distribution map of risk degree of soil erosion by wind was made.