伊敏露天煤矿排土场自然恢复植被群落特征研究
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1. 河西学院,历史文化与旅游学院,甘肃,张掖,734000
2. 西北师范大学,地理与环境科学学院,甘肃,兰州,730070
3. 兰州大学,青藏高原生态系统管理国际中心,甘肃,兰州,730020

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F301.24

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林业科学技术推广项目"沙棘优良品种高效栽培技术推广"(2009-14);防沙治沙科研创新团队(NDTD2010-11)


Community Characteristics of Naturally Recovered Vegetation on Dumps of Yimin Opencast Coalmine
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SUN Guo-jun1,LIU Pu-xin2,SUN Tao3(1.History School of History and Tourism,Hexi University,Zhangye,Gansu 734000,China,2.College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,3.The International Center for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management,Lanzhou University,Gansu 730020,China)

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    摘要:

    露天煤矿排土场占用和破坏了大量土地资源,植被恢复是露天煤矿排土场生态恢复最常用,也是最有效的方法.关于排土场自然恢复植被群落特征的研究,对于指导排土场的生态恢复建设具有重要的理论价值与实际意义.以呼伦贝尔草原区伊敏露天煤矿排土场为研究对象,采用野外调查和统计分析相结合的方法,对排土场自然恢复过程中植物群落特征进行了研究.结果表明,研究区排土场共有植物21科64种,其中菊科、禾本科、豆科和藜科所占比例较大,为4科33属37种,占总种数的57.8%.随着自然恢复时间的增加,物种数由初期的6科8属8种增至后期21科43属48种;植被由耐干旱贫瘠的1年生草本蒺藜和猪毛菜向多年生草本大针茅、羊草和克氏针茅演替;物种多样性指数、物种丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均呈增加趋势,且与恢复年限呈显著正相关,Alatalo均匀度指数与恢复年限呈显著负相关.群落物种组成逐渐接近原生植物群落,物种多样性高于原生植物群落,但分布均匀程度低,达到稳定状态还需更长的时间.

    Abstract:

    Vegetation cover plays a major role in the restoration and stabilization of disturbed systems.Comparative plant successional studies on dump,using a space-for-time substitution in the short-term,are providing significant insights into vegetation dynamics to ensure the success of future revegetation projects in these areas.Waste dump at Yimin opencast coalmine,Hulun Beier,was surveyed for naturally occurring plant species.The vegetation compositions,importance value and plant species diversity were compared.Altogether 64 naturallyr R.occurring plant species,belong to 21families,were observed in different waste dumps of Yimin opencast coalmine.The main families wereCompositae(14 species),Gramineae(12 species),Leguminosae(6 species)andChenopodiacea(5 species),which accounted for 57.8%of total species.According to the important value of species calculated,it is determined thatTribulus terrestrisandSalsola collinaacted as pioneer species on waste dumps,andStipa grandis,Leymus chinensis,Artemisia sacrorumandArtemisia halodendron were important dominant species in vegetation restoration in Yimin opencast coalmine.The overall species diversity of plant communities shows that the longer the natural recovery years last,the lower Alatalo(Ea)index become,and there is a significantly negative correlation between the Alatalo(Ea)index and the number of recovery years.Margalef(Ma)and Patriek(Pa) richness indices showed a increase trend,Shannon-Wienerd(H′)and Simpson(D)diversity indices showed a similar growing trend.The composition of species was becoming increasingly similar to the native plant community,and the species diversity index of each recovered plant community was higher than that of the native plant community,which shows that these communities need more time to reach steady states.

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牛星,蒙仲举,高永,蓝登明.伊敏露天煤矿排土场自然恢复植被群落特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,(1):215-221

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  • 收稿日期:2010-07-22
  • 最后修改日期:2010-08-12
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  • 在线发布日期: 2012-10-25
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