[Objective] The objective of this study is to analyze the anti-erosion effect of vegetation and provide the theoretical basis for sand control measures in Kara Bailey project area of Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region. [Methods] Plants in the study area were investigated, and the data of vegetation cover, crown width, height and characteristics of sand accumulated by pants were collected. The SPSS software was employed for statistical analysis, and regression curves were used to establish the model to quantitatively analyze the relationship between plant morphological characteristics and sand accumulation. [Results] The study area was dominated by Kalidium foliatum, and there were some other plants such as Alhagi sparsifolia, Anabasis elatior. (2) The effect of gravel cover on vegetation density and coverage was more significant than that on plant height and crown width, and vegetation density and coverage decreased with the increase of the gravel coverage. (3) With the increase of plant height and width, the sand accumulation increased exponentially. (4) The influence of sand accumulation on plant morphology showed as: plant height> longitudinal crown > lateral crown. [Conclusion] Vegetation in the study area has an anti-erosion effect, and this effect is influenced by vegetation morphology and surface gravel cover.