[Objective] The present situation, problems, and development strategy for comprehensive control in the desert regions of China in the context of international and national conditions, science and technology, and climate change in a new era were studied in order to provide references for the formulation of ecological protection, rational development, and utilization of desert resources and related scientific research. [Methods] Relationships between the distribution of China’s desert regions and national conditions, climate change, and carbon neutrality were analyzed. Based on the latest research progress in the fields of desert control, ecological restoration, and desert resource development and utilization in China in a new era, a development strategy for China’s desert regions was proposed that considered problems included ecological environment destruction and existing comprehensive control of the desert regions of China. [Results] The development strategy, basic principles, and design concept for the desert regions of China in a new era were expounded. A comprehensive development strategy for the desert regions of China in a new era and its implementation path were proposed. Additionally, objectives and vision planning were put forward. The relationships between the strategy and the national overall development strategy and global trends were discussed. [Conclusion] Under the conditions encountered in this new era, it is necessary to reposition the desert regions, so as to fully explore the comprehensive potential of the desert regions under the principle of ecological priority. Doing so will assist the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and contribute Chinese wisdom and strength to the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.